This review article discusses the recent progress of electrospun nanofibers as burn dressings, highlighting their potential in wound healing and infection prevention. Burns are a significant global health issue, often leading to severe complications such as systemic infection, shock, and multiple organ failure. Traditional dressings have limitations due to their single-functionality and side effects, making electrospun nanofibers a promising alternative. These nanofibers, with their large specific surface area, high porosity, and similarity to natural extracellular matrix (ECM), can effectively load drugs and accelerate wound healing. The article covers the concept of burns, the types of electrospun nanofibers, and the polymers used in their preparation. It also summarizes the drugs (plant extracts, small molecule drugs, and nanoparticles) loaded into these nanofibers and their therapeutic effects. The review concludes by proposing promising aspects for developing commercial electrospun burn dressings, emphasizing the simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and biocompatibility of electrospinning technology.This review article discusses the recent progress of electrospun nanofibers as burn dressings, highlighting their potential in wound healing and infection prevention. Burns are a significant global health issue, often leading to severe complications such as systemic infection, shock, and multiple organ failure. Traditional dressings have limitations due to their single-functionality and side effects, making electrospun nanofibers a promising alternative. These nanofibers, with their large specific surface area, high porosity, and similarity to natural extracellular matrix (ECM), can effectively load drugs and accelerate wound healing. The article covers the concept of burns, the types of electrospun nanofibers, and the polymers used in their preparation. It also summarizes the drugs (plant extracts, small molecule drugs, and nanoparticles) loaded into these nanofibers and their therapeutic effects. The review concludes by proposing promising aspects for developing commercial electrospun burn dressings, emphasizing the simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and biocompatibility of electrospinning technology.