The article reviews various pretreatment methods for lignocellulosic feedstocks, which are abundant renewable resources composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. The pretreatment processes aim to separate these complex components and enhance their accessibility for downstream applications, particularly biomass valorization. However, the removal of lignin, a recalcitrant component, remains a significant challenge due to its resistance to solubilization and inhibition of cellulose and hemicellulose hydrolysis. Other factors, such as lignin content, crystalline nature of cellulose, and the production of inhibitory products, also limit the digestibility of lignocellulosic biomass. The review covers physical, chemical, and biological pretreatment methods, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. Physical methods include mechanical extrusion, milling, microwave, ultrasound, and pyrolysis. Chemical methods involve dilute acid, mild-alkali, ozonolysis, organosolv, ionic liquids, and deep eutectic solvents. Biological methods, though less discussed, are also mentioned. The selection of the appropriate pretreatment method depends on the specific application and the properties of the feedstock. Integrated processes combining multiple pretreatment techniques are shown to be beneficial in reducing operational steps and minimizing the production of inhibitors. Despite extensive research, new and more efficient pretreatment processes are still needed to fully unlock the potential of lignocellulosic feedstocks.The article reviews various pretreatment methods for lignocellulosic feedstocks, which are abundant renewable resources composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. The pretreatment processes aim to separate these complex components and enhance their accessibility for downstream applications, particularly biomass valorization. However, the removal of lignin, a recalcitrant component, remains a significant challenge due to its resistance to solubilization and inhibition of cellulose and hemicellulose hydrolysis. Other factors, such as lignin content, crystalline nature of cellulose, and the production of inhibitory products, also limit the digestibility of lignocellulosic biomass. The review covers physical, chemical, and biological pretreatment methods, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. Physical methods include mechanical extrusion, milling, microwave, ultrasound, and pyrolysis. Chemical methods involve dilute acid, mild-alkali, ozonolysis, organosolv, ionic liquids, and deep eutectic solvents. Biological methods, though less discussed, are also mentioned. The selection of the appropriate pretreatment method depends on the specific application and the properties of the feedstock. Integrated processes combining multiple pretreatment techniques are shown to be beneficial in reducing operational steps and minimizing the production of inhibitors. Despite extensive research, new and more efficient pretreatment processes are still needed to fully unlock the potential of lignocellulosic feedstocks.