The study by Nakano and Murakami examines the dynamic interdependence between terrestrial and aquatic food webs in a forest-stream ecotone. They found that mutual trophic interactions between contiguous habitats, particularly in deciduous forests and streams, are crucial for community maintenance. The seasonal dynamics of prey supply and in situ prey biomass create a feedback loop where reciprocal subsidies alternate between forest birds and stream fishes. Terrestrial invertebrate input to the stream peaked in summer when terrestrial invertebrate biomass was low, while aquatic insect emergence was highest in spring when terrestrial biomass was low. These reciprocal subsidies accounted for 25.6% and 44.0% of the annual total energy budget of the bird and fish assemblages, respectively. The study highlights the importance of understanding these ecological functions, as human activities can significantly alter habitat interfaces and disrupt reciprocal energy exchange, potentially affecting both local and neighboring communities.The study by Nakano and Murakami examines the dynamic interdependence between terrestrial and aquatic food webs in a forest-stream ecotone. They found that mutual trophic interactions between contiguous habitats, particularly in deciduous forests and streams, are crucial for community maintenance. The seasonal dynamics of prey supply and in situ prey biomass create a feedback loop where reciprocal subsidies alternate between forest birds and stream fishes. Terrestrial invertebrate input to the stream peaked in summer when terrestrial invertebrate biomass was low, while aquatic insect emergence was highest in spring when terrestrial biomass was low. These reciprocal subsidies accounted for 25.6% and 44.0% of the annual total energy budget of the bird and fish assemblages, respectively. The study highlights the importance of understanding these ecological functions, as human activities can significantly alter habitat interfaces and disrupt reciprocal energy exchange, potentially affecting both local and neighboring communities.