Reducing the Risks of Herbicide Resistance: Best Management Practices and Recommendations

Reducing the Risks of Herbicide Resistance: Best Management Practices and Recommendations

2012 | Jason K. Norsworthy, Sarah M. Ward, David R. Shaw, Rick S. Llewellyn, Robert L. Nichols, Theodore M. Webster, Kevin W. Bradley, George Frisvold, Stephen B. Powles, Nilda R. Burgos, William W. Witt, and Michael Barrett
Herbicides are essential for weed control in commercial agriculture, but herbicide-resistant (HR) weeds are evolving rapidly due to selection pressure from modern farming practices. Managing HR weeds requires reducing selection pressure through diversified weed control methods, minimizing resistance gene spread, and preventing weed seed accumulation in the soil seedbank. Effective strategies include understanding weed biology, using multiple herbicide mechanisms of action (MOAs), planting into weed-free fields, and managing fields to prevent weed seed production. Growers must also scout fields regularly, use cultural practices to suppress weeds, and prevent the spread of weed seeds between fields. The long-term economic benefits of avoiding HR weed management costs are clear, but widespread adoption of best management practices (BMPs) faces challenges, including growers' focus on short-term economic returns and the belief that herbicide resistance is unavoidable. Current data on BMP adoption is limited, but key recommendations include diversifying weed management and using multiple MOAs. To address HR weed resistance, recommendations include reducing the weed seedbank, implementing MOA labeling systems, communicating the rarity of new MOAs, and promoting diversified weed management systems. Incentives for growers to adopt BMPs are needed, as well as research and education on resistance management. Overreliance on a single MOA accelerates resistance evolution, and the costs of resistance can be significant. Preventing weed seed production is crucial, but growers often hesitate due to the perception that new herbicides will solve the problem. BMPs must be tailored to specific farming practices and include strategies to reduce selection pressure and prevent resistance spread. Effective resistance management requires integrated approaches, including cultural, mechanical, and chemical methods, and ongoing research and education to support sustainable agriculture.Herbicides are essential for weed control in commercial agriculture, but herbicide-resistant (HR) weeds are evolving rapidly due to selection pressure from modern farming practices. Managing HR weeds requires reducing selection pressure through diversified weed control methods, minimizing resistance gene spread, and preventing weed seed accumulation in the soil seedbank. Effective strategies include understanding weed biology, using multiple herbicide mechanisms of action (MOAs), planting into weed-free fields, and managing fields to prevent weed seed production. Growers must also scout fields regularly, use cultural practices to suppress weeds, and prevent the spread of weed seeds between fields. The long-term economic benefits of avoiding HR weed management costs are clear, but widespread adoption of best management practices (BMPs) faces challenges, including growers' focus on short-term economic returns and the belief that herbicide resistance is unavoidable. Current data on BMP adoption is limited, but key recommendations include diversifying weed management and using multiple MOAs. To address HR weed resistance, recommendations include reducing the weed seedbank, implementing MOA labeling systems, communicating the rarity of new MOAs, and promoting diversified weed management systems. Incentives for growers to adopt BMPs are needed, as well as research and education on resistance management. Overreliance on a single MOA accelerates resistance evolution, and the costs of resistance can be significant. Preventing weed seed production is crucial, but growers often hesitate due to the perception that new herbicides will solve the problem. BMPs must be tailored to specific farming practices and include strategies to reduce selection pressure and prevent resistance spread. Effective resistance management requires integrated approaches, including cultural, mechanical, and chemical methods, and ongoing research and education to support sustainable agriculture.
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