The article reviews the current progress and challenges in using stem cells for regenerative treatment of ophthalmic diseases. Degenerative eye disorders, such as glaucoma, cataracts, and age-related macular degeneration (AMD), are significant causes of blindness and visual impairment. Traditional therapies primarily focus on delaying disease progression, while stem cell therapy aims to directly restore ocular function by reconstructing ocular tissues. Various types of stem cells, including embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and retinal progenitor cells (RPCs), are being explored for their regenerative and malleable properties. The article discusses the application of stem cell therapy in treating specific ocular disorders, such as limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD), dry eye diseases (DED), and retinitis pigmentosa (RP). It highlights the potential of stem cells in promoting tissue regeneration, reducing inflammation, and providing neuroprotection. However, challenges such as immune rejection, ethical concerns, and the need for regulatory oversight are also addressed. The article concludes by emphasizing the multi-mechanistic therapeutic potential of stem cell therapy and its promising future in ocular medicine.The article reviews the current progress and challenges in using stem cells for regenerative treatment of ophthalmic diseases. Degenerative eye disorders, such as glaucoma, cataracts, and age-related macular degeneration (AMD), are significant causes of blindness and visual impairment. Traditional therapies primarily focus on delaying disease progression, while stem cell therapy aims to directly restore ocular function by reconstructing ocular tissues. Various types of stem cells, including embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and retinal progenitor cells (RPCs), are being explored for their regenerative and malleable properties. The article discusses the application of stem cell therapy in treating specific ocular disorders, such as limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD), dry eye diseases (DED), and retinitis pigmentosa (RP). It highlights the potential of stem cells in promoting tissue regeneration, reducing inflammation, and providing neuroprotection. However, challenges such as immune rejection, ethical concerns, and the need for regulatory oversight are also addressed. The article concludes by emphasizing the multi-mechanistic therapeutic potential of stem cell therapy and its promising future in ocular medicine.