The article examines the narrowing regional inequality in China's educational development, particularly between urban and rural areas, over the past two decades. It highlights that while urban-rural educational development levels (EDL) have increased, the urban-rural educational inequality index (EII) has decreased, indicating a reduction in regional disparities. The study uses a comprehensive evaluation index system to measure EDL and EII, and employs the Coefficient of Variation (CV) and Theil index to analyze regional disparities. The results show that the urban-rural EDL in the eastern and northeastern regions is higher than in the central and western regions, but the average annual growth rate is slower in these regions. The urban-rural EII in the eastern and northeastern regions is lower than in the central and western regions. The decomposition of the Theil index reveals that intraregional inequality contributes more to national inequality than interregional inequality. The study attributes the narrowing regional inequality to rapid industrialization, urbanization, and policy reforms such as the hukou system reform and regional coordinated development strategies. The article concludes with recommendations for optimizing educational resource allocation, promoting educational informatization, improving twinning support mechanisms, and deepening hukou system reform to further reduce educational inequality.The article examines the narrowing regional inequality in China's educational development, particularly between urban and rural areas, over the past two decades. It highlights that while urban-rural educational development levels (EDL) have increased, the urban-rural educational inequality index (EII) has decreased, indicating a reduction in regional disparities. The study uses a comprehensive evaluation index system to measure EDL and EII, and employs the Coefficient of Variation (CV) and Theil index to analyze regional disparities. The results show that the urban-rural EDL in the eastern and northeastern regions is higher than in the central and western regions, but the average annual growth rate is slower in these regions. The urban-rural EII in the eastern and northeastern regions is lower than in the central and western regions. The decomposition of the Theil index reveals that intraregional inequality contributes more to national inequality than interregional inequality. The study attributes the narrowing regional inequality to rapid industrialization, urbanization, and policy reforms such as the hukou system reform and regional coordinated development strategies. The article concludes with recommendations for optimizing educational resource allocation, promoting educational informatization, improving twinning support mechanisms, and deepening hukou system reform to further reduce educational inequality.