Francis Galton's paper, "Regulation towards Mediocrity in Hereditary Stature," published in *The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland* in 1886, explores the phenomenon of regression to the mean in hereditary traits, specifically focusing on height. Galton presents data from extensive experiments on the seeds of different sizes and human height measurements to support his findings. He demonstrates that offspring tend to be more average in height compared to their parents, with the mean filial regression directly proportional to the parental deviation from the average. This "law of regression" is applicable to both tallness and shortness, and it is independent of the specific traits being measured. Galton explains this phenomenon by suggesting that the child inherits part of their ancestry, which tends to average out the extreme traits of their parents. He also discusses the implications of this law for understanding the inheritance of height and other hereditary traits, emphasizing that it applies equally to both positive and negative traits. The paper includes detailed statistical analyses and diagrams to illustrate the regression to the mean effect.Francis Galton's paper, "Regulation towards Mediocrity in Hereditary Stature," published in *The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland* in 1886, explores the phenomenon of regression to the mean in hereditary traits, specifically focusing on height. Galton presents data from extensive experiments on the seeds of different sizes and human height measurements to support his findings. He demonstrates that offspring tend to be more average in height compared to their parents, with the mean filial regression directly proportional to the parental deviation from the average. This "law of regression" is applicable to both tallness and shortness, and it is independent of the specific traits being measured. Galton explains this phenomenon by suggesting that the child inherits part of their ancestry, which tends to average out the extreme traits of their parents. He also discusses the implications of this law for understanding the inheritance of height and other hereditary traits, emphasizing that it applies equally to both positive and negative traits. The paper includes detailed statistical analyses and diagrams to illustrate the regression to the mean effect.