This review discusses the application of external physical fields, particularly magnetic fields, to enhance the electrochemical performance of lithium batteries. The introduction highlights the importance of lithium batteries in addressing energy issues and the challenges posed by lithium dendrite growth and volume expansion in lithium metal anodes. The review covers recent innovations in using magnetic fields to improve the synthesis of electrode materials, which can enhance Li$^+$ transport and reaction kinetics. It also explores the influence of various physical fields, such as light, stress, and sound, on the performance of lithium batteries. The mechanisms and factors affecting these fields' impact on battery performance are discussed in detail. Finally, the review evaluates the advantages and limitations of these external field control strategies and outlines future directions for the development of lithium batteries.This review discusses the application of external physical fields, particularly magnetic fields, to enhance the electrochemical performance of lithium batteries. The introduction highlights the importance of lithium batteries in addressing energy issues and the challenges posed by lithium dendrite growth and volume expansion in lithium metal anodes. The review covers recent innovations in using magnetic fields to improve the synthesis of electrode materials, which can enhance Li$^+$ transport and reaction kinetics. It also explores the influence of various physical fields, such as light, stress, and sound, on the performance of lithium batteries. The mechanisms and factors affecting these fields' impact on battery performance are discussed in detail. Finally, the review evaluates the advantages and limitations of these external field control strategies and outlines future directions for the development of lithium batteries.