This review discusses the regulation of electrochemical performances of lithium batteries through external physical fields. Lithium batteries are crucial for new energy sources, but issues like lithium dendrites and volume expansion limit their development. Recent studies show that external physical fields can enhance battery performance by controlling dendrite growth and reaction kinetics. The review summarizes recent innovations in the investigation of various physical fields, focusing on magnetic fields in electrode material synthesis. It reviews the influence factors and regulation mechanisms of different physical fields on battery performance, discusses current research status, challenges, and future directions. New strategies for battery evolution are provided. Lithium batteries are ideal for energy storage due to their high energy density and stable voltage. However, current lithium-ion batteries have reached near their energy density limit. New battery systems with ultra-high energy density, such as Li–air and Li–S batteries, are being developed. These batteries face challenges like dendrite formation, electrolyte consumption, and slow reaction kinetics. Strategies to control dendrites include artificial SEI layers, suitable anode substrates, and new electrolytes. However, these strategies have limited impact on battery rate and life, and may cause side reactions. Recent strategies focus on external fields, such as light and magnetic fields, to improve battery performance. Light can enhance cathode reaction kinetics, while magnetic fields improve ion transport and catalytic reactions. Magnetic fields also aid in electrode material synthesis and crystal plane adjustment. Stress fields also regulate Li batteries, particularly in suppressing dendrites and reducing interface impedance. This review introduces the application of physical fields in electrode material synthesis, focusing on magnetic fields. It discusses the regulation mechanisms and performance factors of different physical fields, and prospects future developments of lithium batteries. The review highlights new directions in lithium battery research, providing insights for future development.This review discusses the regulation of electrochemical performances of lithium batteries through external physical fields. Lithium batteries are crucial for new energy sources, but issues like lithium dendrites and volume expansion limit their development. Recent studies show that external physical fields can enhance battery performance by controlling dendrite growth and reaction kinetics. The review summarizes recent innovations in the investigation of various physical fields, focusing on magnetic fields in electrode material synthesis. It reviews the influence factors and regulation mechanisms of different physical fields on battery performance, discusses current research status, challenges, and future directions. New strategies for battery evolution are provided. Lithium batteries are ideal for energy storage due to their high energy density and stable voltage. However, current lithium-ion batteries have reached near their energy density limit. New battery systems with ultra-high energy density, such as Li–air and Li–S batteries, are being developed. These batteries face challenges like dendrite formation, electrolyte consumption, and slow reaction kinetics. Strategies to control dendrites include artificial SEI layers, suitable anode substrates, and new electrolytes. However, these strategies have limited impact on battery rate and life, and may cause side reactions. Recent strategies focus on external fields, such as light and magnetic fields, to improve battery performance. Light can enhance cathode reaction kinetics, while magnetic fields improve ion transport and catalytic reactions. Magnetic fields also aid in electrode material synthesis and crystal plane adjustment. Stress fields also regulate Li batteries, particularly in suppressing dendrites and reducing interface impedance. This review introduces the application of physical fields in electrode material synthesis, focusing on magnetic fields. It discusses the regulation mechanisms and performance factors of different physical fields, and prospects future developments of lithium batteries. The review highlights new directions in lithium battery research, providing insights for future development.