Regulation of Translation Initiation in Eukaryotes: Mechanisms and Biological Targets

Regulation of Translation Initiation in Eukaryotes: Mechanisms and Biological Targets

2009 February 20; 136(4): 731–745 | Nahum Sonenberg and Alan G. Hinnebusch
The article provides a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms and biological targets of translational control in eukaryotic cells. It highlights recent advances in understanding the molecular structures and biochemical functions of the translation initiation machinery, emphasizing the differences between bacterial and eukaryotic initiation processes. Key strategies for regulating translation initiation, including cap-dependent and cap-independent mechanisms, are discussed. The role of specific factors such as eIF4E, eIF4G, eIF2α, and microRNAs (miRNAs) in controlling gene expression is detailed. The article also explores the importance of translational control in various biological processes, including stress response, development, differentiation, and disease. It covers the impact of translational control on learning and memory, as well as the role of miRNAs in regulating gene expression. Additionally, the article discusses the involvement of translational control in diseases such as cancer, metabolic disorders, and neuropsychiatric conditions.The article provides a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms and biological targets of translational control in eukaryotic cells. It highlights recent advances in understanding the molecular structures and biochemical functions of the translation initiation machinery, emphasizing the differences between bacterial and eukaryotic initiation processes. Key strategies for regulating translation initiation, including cap-dependent and cap-independent mechanisms, are discussed. The role of specific factors such as eIF4E, eIF4G, eIF2α, and microRNAs (miRNAs) in controlling gene expression is detailed. The article also explores the importance of translational control in various biological processes, including stress response, development, differentiation, and disease. It covers the impact of translational control on learning and memory, as well as the role of miRNAs in regulating gene expression. Additionally, the article discusses the involvement of translational control in diseases such as cancer, metabolic disorders, and neuropsychiatric conditions.
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