This systematic review examines the relationship between antibiotic consumption (ABC) and antibiotic resistance (ABR) from 2016 to 2022. The study included 58 articles, with a pooled ABC of 948,017.9 DPDs and 4,108.6 DIDs, and an average pooled ABR prevalence of 38.4%. Enterococcus faecium, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the most common antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Cephalosporins, penicillin, and aminoglycosides were the most frequently involved antibiotics in ABR. The review found a positive correlation between ABC and ABR, with 81% of the correlations being directly related to ABC. Cross-resistance was also observed among different antibiotics and resistant bacteria. The study emphasizes the need for optimizing antibiotic therapy and reducing unnecessary ABC to prevent the emergence and spread of ABR, advocating for the implementation of antibiotic stewardship programs (ASPs).This systematic review examines the relationship between antibiotic consumption (ABC) and antibiotic resistance (ABR) from 2016 to 2022. The study included 58 articles, with a pooled ABC of 948,017.9 DPDs and 4,108.6 DIDs, and an average pooled ABR prevalence of 38.4%. Enterococcus faecium, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the most common antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Cephalosporins, penicillin, and aminoglycosides were the most frequently involved antibiotics in ABR. The review found a positive correlation between ABC and ABR, with 81% of the correlations being directly related to ABC. Cross-resistance was also observed among different antibiotics and resistant bacteria. The study emphasizes the need for optimizing antibiotic therapy and reducing unnecessary ABC to prevent the emergence and spread of ABR, advocating for the implementation of antibiotic stewardship programs (ASPs).