This study explores the relationship between gender roles, motherhood beliefs, and mental health in the Mexican population. Three independent studies were conducted. The first two studies extended and validated the Attitudes Towards Gender Roles Scale (ATGRS) and Motherhood Beliefs Scale (MBS) with new items to better reflect contemporary Mexican cultural norms. The third study examined the relationship between the updated versions of these scales and mental health indicators such as depression, anxiety, and Positive Psychological Functioning (PPF) in women and men with and without children. The ATGRS was revised to include four factors: Traditional attitudes towards gender roles, Favorable attitudes towards egalitarian success, Favorable attitudes towards gender equity, and Non-traditional attitudes towards gender roles. The MBS was revised to include five factors: Social duty, Sense of life, Hegemonic stereotypes, Negative emotions, and Motherhood as a decision. These revisions aimed to reduce traditionalist bias and provide a more comprehensive assessment of gender roles and motherhood beliefs. The third study found significant associations between traditional gender role attitudes and traditional motherhood beliefs, as well as between non-traditional gender role attitudes and non-traditional motherhood beliefs. Traditional gender role attitudes were associated with lower levels of anxiety and depression, while non-traditional attitudes were associated with higher levels of depression. Individuals who embraced non-traditional attitudes towards both gender roles and motherhood beliefs exhibited better psychological well-being. Women generally showed less alignment with traditional attitudes towards gender roles and motherhood beliefs compared to men, but reported higher rates of depression and anxiety and lower psychological well-being scores than their male counterparts. The findings highlight the significant influence of traditional cultural norms about gender roles and motherhood on women's mental health, emphasizing the need for a deeper understanding and reevaluation of these traditional constructs in society.This study explores the relationship between gender roles, motherhood beliefs, and mental health in the Mexican population. Three independent studies were conducted. The first two studies extended and validated the Attitudes Towards Gender Roles Scale (ATGRS) and Motherhood Beliefs Scale (MBS) with new items to better reflect contemporary Mexican cultural norms. The third study examined the relationship between the updated versions of these scales and mental health indicators such as depression, anxiety, and Positive Psychological Functioning (PPF) in women and men with and without children. The ATGRS was revised to include four factors: Traditional attitudes towards gender roles, Favorable attitudes towards egalitarian success, Favorable attitudes towards gender equity, and Non-traditional attitudes towards gender roles. The MBS was revised to include five factors: Social duty, Sense of life, Hegemonic stereotypes, Negative emotions, and Motherhood as a decision. These revisions aimed to reduce traditionalist bias and provide a more comprehensive assessment of gender roles and motherhood beliefs. The third study found significant associations between traditional gender role attitudes and traditional motherhood beliefs, as well as between non-traditional gender role attitudes and non-traditional motherhood beliefs. Traditional gender role attitudes were associated with lower levels of anxiety and depression, while non-traditional attitudes were associated with higher levels of depression. Individuals who embraced non-traditional attitudes towards both gender roles and motherhood beliefs exhibited better psychological well-being. Women generally showed less alignment with traditional attitudes towards gender roles and motherhood beliefs compared to men, but reported higher rates of depression and anxiety and lower psychological well-being scores than their male counterparts. The findings highlight the significant influence of traditional cultural norms about gender roles and motherhood on women's mental health, emphasizing the need for a deeper understanding and reevaluation of these traditional constructs in society.