This research explores the relationship between gender roles, motherhood beliefs, and mental health in the Mexican population. The study consists of three independent studies. In the first and second studies, the Attitudes Towards Gender Roles Scale (ATGRS) and Motherhood Beliefs Scale (MBS) were extended and psychometrically validated through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The aim was to update these scales to avoid traditionalist bias in Mexican culture. In the third study, the relationship between the new versions of ATGRS and MBS and mental health indicators (depression, anxiety, and Positive Psychological Functioning) was examined in women and men with and without children. Key findings include: - Higher levels of traditional attitudes towards gender roles and traditional motherhood beliefs were associated with lower anxiety and depression scores. - Non-traditional attitudes towards gender roles and non-traditional beliefs about motherhood were associated with higher levels of depression. - Individuals with non-traditional attitudes towards both gender roles and motherhood beliefs exhibited better psychological well-being. - Women generally showed lesser alignment with traditional attitudes and beliefs compared to men but reported higher rates of depression and anxiety and lower psychological well-being scores. The research highlights the significant influence of traditional cultural norms on women's mental health and underscores the need for a deeper understanding and reevaluation of these constructs in society.This research explores the relationship between gender roles, motherhood beliefs, and mental health in the Mexican population. The study consists of three independent studies. In the first and second studies, the Attitudes Towards Gender Roles Scale (ATGRS) and Motherhood Beliefs Scale (MBS) were extended and psychometrically validated through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The aim was to update these scales to avoid traditionalist bias in Mexican culture. In the third study, the relationship between the new versions of ATGRS and MBS and mental health indicators (depression, anxiety, and Positive Psychological Functioning) was examined in women and men with and without children. Key findings include: - Higher levels of traditional attitudes towards gender roles and traditional motherhood beliefs were associated with lower anxiety and depression scores. - Non-traditional attitudes towards gender roles and non-traditional beliefs about motherhood were associated with higher levels of depression. - Individuals with non-traditional attitudes towards both gender roles and motherhood beliefs exhibited better psychological well-being. - Women generally showed lesser alignment with traditional attitudes and beliefs compared to men but reported higher rates of depression and anxiety and lower psychological well-being scores. The research highlights the significant influence of traditional cultural norms on women's mental health and underscores the need for a deeper understanding and reevaluation of these constructs in society.