The article discusses the role of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondria axis in cancer diagnosis and therapy, highlighting the importance of mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs) in cellular functions such as calcium homeostasis, lipid metabolism, and mitochondrial dynamics. MAM proteins are crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis, and their dysregulation is linked to tumor development. The review emphasizes the potential of MAM proteins as diagnostic and therapeutic targets in cancer, as they influence intracellular signaling pathways, cancer cell sensitivity to anticancer drugs, and immune cell activity. The ER-mitochondria axis is also involved in oxidative stress and ER stress responses, which are critical in cancer progression. The article summarizes recent research on the functional roles of MAM proteins in cancer, their impact on cell physiology, and various therapeutic strategies targeting MAM proteins in different cancer types. It discusses how MAM proteins regulate calcium signaling, lipid metabolism, and mitochondrial dynamics, and how their modulation can enhance cancer cell sensitivity to chemotherapy and reduce metastasis. The review also highlights the potential of MAM proteins as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets, with a focus on their role in cancer progression and treatment. The study underscores the importance of understanding MAM proteins in cancer and their potential applications in cancer diagnosis and therapy.The article discusses the role of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondria axis in cancer diagnosis and therapy, highlighting the importance of mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs) in cellular functions such as calcium homeostasis, lipid metabolism, and mitochondrial dynamics. MAM proteins are crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis, and their dysregulation is linked to tumor development. The review emphasizes the potential of MAM proteins as diagnostic and therapeutic targets in cancer, as they influence intracellular signaling pathways, cancer cell sensitivity to anticancer drugs, and immune cell activity. The ER-mitochondria axis is also involved in oxidative stress and ER stress responses, which are critical in cancer progression. The article summarizes recent research on the functional roles of MAM proteins in cancer, their impact on cell physiology, and various therapeutic strategies targeting MAM proteins in different cancer types. It discusses how MAM proteins regulate calcium signaling, lipid metabolism, and mitochondrial dynamics, and how their modulation can enhance cancer cell sensitivity to chemotherapy and reduce metastasis. The review also highlights the potential of MAM proteins as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets, with a focus on their role in cancer progression and treatment. The study underscores the importance of understanding MAM proteins in cancer and their potential applications in cancer diagnosis and therapy.