this is a textbook on remote sensing and image interpretation, fourth edition, authored by thomas m. lillesand and ralph w. kiefer from the university of wisconsin-madison. the book is published by john wiley & sons, inc. it covers the fundamentals of remote sensing, including energy sources, radiation principles, and energy interactions in the atmosphere and with earth surface features. it also discusses data acquisition and interpretation, reference data, the global positioning system, and the characteristics of real remote sensing systems. the book explores the successful application of remote sensing, land and geographic information systems, and the organization of the book. chapter 2 discusses elements of photographic systems, including the history of aerial photography, film exposure, film density, spectral sensitivity of black and white films, color film, color infrared film, filters, aerial film cameras, film resolution, electronic imaging, aerial videography, multiband imaging, and concludes with a summary. chapter 3 covers the basic principles of photogrammetry, including the geometric characteristics of aerial photographs, photographic scale, ground coverage, area measurement, relief displacement, image parallax, ground control, mapping with aerial photographs, flight planning, and concludes with a summary. chapter 4 introduces visual image interpretation, covering fundamentals, basic equipment, land use/land cover mapping, geologic and soil mapping, agricultural applications, forestry applications, rangeland applications, water resource applications, urban and regional planning applications, wetland mapping, wildlife ecology applications, archaeological applications, environmental assessment, and principles of landform identification and evaluation. chapter 5 discusses multispectral, thermal, and hyperspectral sensing, including across-track and along-track scanning, operating principles of multispectral scanners, thermal scanning, thermal radiation principles, interpreting thermal scanner imagery, geometric characteristics of scanner imagery, radiometric calibration of thermal scanners, temperature mapping, flir systems, hyperspectral sensing, and concludes with a summary. chapter 6 covers earth resource satellites operating in the optical spectrum, including the history of space imaging, landsat satellite program, spot satellite program, other moderate resolution land satellites, high resolution land satellites, hyperspectral satellite systems, meteorological satellites, ocean monitoring satellites, earth observing system, and space station remote sensing. the book also includes a chapter on digital image processing, covering image rectification and restoration, image enhancement, contrast manipulation, spatial feature manipulation, multi-image manipulation, image classification, supervised and unsupervised classification, classification of mixed pixels, output stage, postclassification smoothing, classification accuracy assessment, data merging and gis integration, hyperspectral image analysis, biophysical modeling, scale effects, image transmission and compression, and concludes with a summary. the book also includes an appendix with remote sensing data sources and remote sensing periodicals, and an index.this is a textbook on remote sensing and image interpretation, fourth edition, authored by thomas m. lillesand and ralph w. kiefer from the university of wisconsin-madison. the book is published by john wiley & sons, inc. it covers the fundamentals of remote sensing, including energy sources, radiation principles, and energy interactions in the atmosphere and with earth surface features. it also discusses data acquisition and interpretation, reference data, the global positioning system, and the characteristics of real remote sensing systems. the book explores the successful application of remote sensing, land and geographic information systems, and the organization of the book. chapter 2 discusses elements of photographic systems, including the history of aerial photography, film exposure, film density, spectral sensitivity of black and white films, color film, color infrared film, filters, aerial film cameras, film resolution, electronic imaging, aerial videography, multiband imaging, and concludes with a summary. chapter 3 covers the basic principles of photogrammetry, including the geometric characteristics of aerial photographs, photographic scale, ground coverage, area measurement, relief displacement, image parallax, ground control, mapping with aerial photographs, flight planning, and concludes with a summary. chapter 4 introduces visual image interpretation, covering fundamentals, basic equipment, land use/land cover mapping, geologic and soil mapping, agricultural applications, forestry applications, rangeland applications, water resource applications, urban and regional planning applications, wetland mapping, wildlife ecology applications, archaeological applications, environmental assessment, and principles of landform identification and evaluation. chapter 5 discusses multispectral, thermal, and hyperspectral sensing, including across-track and along-track scanning, operating principles of multispectral scanners, thermal scanning, thermal radiation principles, interpreting thermal scanner imagery, geometric characteristics of scanner imagery, radiometric calibration of thermal scanners, temperature mapping, flir systems, hyperspectral sensing, and concludes with a summary. chapter 6 covers earth resource satellites operating in the optical spectrum, including the history of space imaging, landsat satellite program, spot satellite program, other moderate resolution land satellites, high resolution land satellites, hyperspectral satellite systems, meteorological satellites, ocean monitoring satellites, earth observing system, and space station remote sensing. the book also includes a chapter on digital image processing, covering image rectification and restoration, image enhancement, contrast manipulation, spatial feature manipulation, multi-image manipulation, image classification, supervised and unsupervised classification, classification of mixed pixels, output stage, postclassification smoothing, classification accuracy assessment, data merging and gis integration, hyperspectral image analysis, biophysical modeling, scale effects, image transmission and compression, and concludes with a summary. the book also includes an appendix with remote sensing data sources and remote sensing periodicals, and an index.