This study investigates the removal of amoxicillin (AMX) from contaminated water using modified bentonite as an adsorbent. The bentonite was modified with hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (HTAB) to transform its hydrophilic nature into a hydrophobic one. Batch experiments were conducted to study the effects of various parameters such as contact time, solution pH, agitation speed, initial concentration, and adsorbent dosage. The maximum removal efficiency of 93% was achieved under optimal conditions: 240 minutes of contact time, pH 10, 200 rpm agitation speed, 30 ppm initial concentration, and 3 g of bentonite per liter of pollutant solution. Characterization of the modified bentonite was performed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis. The Freundlich isotherm model best fit the experimental data, indicating heterogeneity in multilayer adsorption. Kinetic analysis showed that the pseudo-first-order model best described the adsorption process, suggesting physisorption as the dominant mechanism. Thermodynamic studies indicated that the adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous. The modified bentonite was found to be an effective adsorbent for removing AMX from contaminated water.This study investigates the removal of amoxicillin (AMX) from contaminated water using modified bentonite as an adsorbent. The bentonite was modified with hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (HTAB) to transform its hydrophilic nature into a hydrophobic one. Batch experiments were conducted to study the effects of various parameters such as contact time, solution pH, agitation speed, initial concentration, and adsorbent dosage. The maximum removal efficiency of 93% was achieved under optimal conditions: 240 minutes of contact time, pH 10, 200 rpm agitation speed, 30 ppm initial concentration, and 3 g of bentonite per liter of pollutant solution. Characterization of the modified bentonite was performed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis. The Freundlich isotherm model best fit the experimental data, indicating heterogeneity in multilayer adsorption. Kinetic analysis showed that the pseudo-first-order model best described the adsorption process, suggesting physisorption as the dominant mechanism. Thermodynamic studies indicated that the adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous. The modified bentonite was found to be an effective adsorbent for removing AMX from contaminated water.