Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for 2%–3% of all adult malignancies, being the seventh most common cancer in men and ninth in women. It has increased in incidence globally, leading to rising mortality. Risk factors include smoking, hypertension, and obesity, while anti-hypertensive drugs are not independently linked to RCC. Approximately 2%–3% of RCC cases are hereditary, with Von Hippel Lindau disease being the most common. Diagnosis often involves imaging, with CT and MRI being key tools. Biopsy confirms malignancy, especially before treatment. Staging uses the UICC TNM 2009 system. Risk assessment models, such as SSIGN and UISS, help determine prognosis and treatment. For localized disease, partial nephrectomy is preferred for tumors up to 7 cm, while laparoscopic radical nephrectomy is used for larger tumors. Locally advanced RCC may require open surgery, with adjuvant therapies not routinely recommended. Metastatic RCC is managed with systemic treatments like tyrosine kinase inhibitors, immunotherapy, and mTOR inhibitors. First-line treatments include sunitinib, pazopanib, and bevacizumab. Second-line options include everolimus and axitinib. Third-line treatments involve further trials or alternative therapies. Radiotherapy has limited use in primary management but is effective for palliation. Bisphosphonates like zoledronic acid are used for bone metastases. Follow-up is based on risk factors, with CT scans for monitoring. Conflicts of interest are noted among authors. The guidelines emphasize individualized treatment based on risk stratification and molecular profiling.Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for 2%–3% of all adult malignancies, being the seventh most common cancer in men and ninth in women. It has increased in incidence globally, leading to rising mortality. Risk factors include smoking, hypertension, and obesity, while anti-hypertensive drugs are not independently linked to RCC. Approximately 2%–3% of RCC cases are hereditary, with Von Hippel Lindau disease being the most common. Diagnosis often involves imaging, with CT and MRI being key tools. Biopsy confirms malignancy, especially before treatment. Staging uses the UICC TNM 2009 system. Risk assessment models, such as SSIGN and UISS, help determine prognosis and treatment. For localized disease, partial nephrectomy is preferred for tumors up to 7 cm, while laparoscopic radical nephrectomy is used for larger tumors. Locally advanced RCC may require open surgery, with adjuvant therapies not routinely recommended. Metastatic RCC is managed with systemic treatments like tyrosine kinase inhibitors, immunotherapy, and mTOR inhibitors. First-line treatments include sunitinib, pazopanib, and bevacizumab. Second-line options include everolimus and axitinib. Third-line treatments involve further trials or alternative therapies. Radiotherapy has limited use in primary management but is effective for palliation. Bisphosphonates like zoledronic acid are used for bone metastases. Follow-up is based on risk factors, with CT scans for monitoring. Conflicts of interest are noted among authors. The guidelines emphasize individualized treatment based on risk stratification and molecular profiling.