This review article focuses on the potential of second-generation biomass as a feedstock for bioethanol production. Bioethanol, derived from biomass, is gaining attention as a clean and renewable energy resource to replace non-renewable petroleum-based fuels. The article evaluates over 130 studies, including experimental research, case studies, literature reviews, and website publications, to identify the most optimal conditions for biofuel production from biomass. Despite the progress, challenges such as the recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass, multiple pretreatment steps, prolonged hydrolysis time, and cost remain significant obstacles to large-scale production. The review covers the structure and composition of lignocellulosic biomass, biofuel classification, bioethanol production processes, pretreatment and hydrolysis techniques, inhibitory product formation, fermentation strategies, microorganisms used for fermentation, distillation, and legislative support for advanced biofuels. The ultimate goal is to find the best conditions and technology to sustainably and inexpensively produce high bioethanol yields. The article also discusses the advantages and issues associated with primary and secondary biofuels, emphasizing the potential of second-generation biofuels derived from lignocellulosic materials.This review article focuses on the potential of second-generation biomass as a feedstock for bioethanol production. Bioethanol, derived from biomass, is gaining attention as a clean and renewable energy resource to replace non-renewable petroleum-based fuels. The article evaluates over 130 studies, including experimental research, case studies, literature reviews, and website publications, to identify the most optimal conditions for biofuel production from biomass. Despite the progress, challenges such as the recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass, multiple pretreatment steps, prolonged hydrolysis time, and cost remain significant obstacles to large-scale production. The review covers the structure and composition of lignocellulosic biomass, biofuel classification, bioethanol production processes, pretreatment and hydrolysis techniques, inhibitory product formation, fermentation strategies, microorganisms used for fermentation, distillation, and legislative support for advanced biofuels. The ultimate goal is to find the best conditions and technology to sustainably and inexpensively produce high bioethanol yields. The article also discusses the advantages and issues associated with primary and secondary biofuels, emphasizing the potential of second-generation biofuels derived from lignocellulosic materials.