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2013 AHA/ACC Guideline on Lifestyle Management to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk

2013 AHA/ACC Guideline on Lifestyle Management to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk

July 1, 2014 | Robert H. Eckel, MD, FAHA, Co-Chair; Catherine M. Loria, PhD, FAHA; John M. Jakicic, PhD, Co-Chair; Barbara E. Millen, DrPH, RD, FADA; Jamy D. Ard, MD; Cathy A. Nonas, MS, RD; Janet M. de Jesus, MS, RD*; Frank M. Sacks, MD, FAHA; Nancy Houston Miller, RN, BSN, FAHA; Sidney C. Smith, Jr., MD, FACC, FAHA; Van S. Hubbard, MD, PhD*; Laura P. Svetkey, MD, MHS; I-Min Lee, MD, ScD; Thomas A. Wadden, PhD; Alice H. Lichtenstein, DSc, FAHA; Susan Z. Yanovski, MD*; Karima A. Kendall, PhD; George Velasco; Laura C. Morgan, MA; Janusz Wnek, PhD; Jeffrey L. Anderson, MD, FACC, FAHA, Chair; Jonathan L. Halperin, MD, FACC, FAHA, Chair-Elect; Nancy M. Albert, PhD, CCNS, CCRN, FAHA; David DeMets, PhD; Judith S. Hochman, MD, FACC, FAHA; Byjekm Bozkurt, MD, PhD, FACC, FAHA; Richard J. Kovacs, MD, FACC, FAHA; Ralph G. Brindis, MD, MPH, MACC; E. Magnus Ohman, MD, FACC; Lesley H. Curtis, PhD, FAHA; Susan J. Pressler, PhD, RN, FAAN, FAHA; Frank W. Selle, MD, FACC, FAHA; Win-Kuang Shen, MD, FACC, FAHA; Sidney C. Smith, Jr., MD, FACC, FAHA, Chair; Gordon F. Tomaselli, MD, FACC, FAHA, Co-Chair
The 2013 AHA/ACC Guideline on Lifestyle Management to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk outlines recommendations for lifestyle modifications to lower cardiovascular risk. The guideline was developed by the American College of Cardiology (ACC) and American Heart Association (AHA) in collaboration with other organizations, including the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI). The goal is to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD) and improve management of those with CVD through lifestyle changes, such as diet, physical activity, and weight management. The guideline focuses on three critical questions (CQs): dietary patterns and macronutrients affecting blood pressure (BP) and lipids, sodium and potassium affecting BP and CVD outcomes, and physical activity affecting lipids and BP. The recommendations are based on systematic reviews of evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs), meta-analyses, and observational studies. The Work Group emphasized dietary patterns over individual components, as they provide a broader picture of overall dietary habits and their impact on CVD risk factors. Key dietary recommendations include adopting a Mediterranean-style diet (MED) and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, which are associated with lower BP and lipid levels. The DASH diet is high in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy, and low in red meat and sweets. It is also recommended to limit saturated and trans fats, reduce sodium intake, and increase potassium intake. Physical activity is also emphasized, with recommendations for regular aerobic and resistance exercise to lower BP and improve lipid profiles. The guideline emphasizes that lifestyle changes should be tailored to individual needs and preferences, and that these recommendations are not a replacement for clinical judgment. The guidelines are intended to provide a framework for healthcare providers to use in managing CVD risk factors, with the understanding that individualized care is essential. The recommendations are supported by high-quality evidence and are consistent with other national guidelines. The guideline also highlights the importance of ongoing research to refine and update these recommendations as new evidence becomes available.The 2013 AHA/ACC Guideline on Lifestyle Management to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk outlines recommendations for lifestyle modifications to lower cardiovascular risk. The guideline was developed by the American College of Cardiology (ACC) and American Heart Association (AHA) in collaboration with other organizations, including the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI). The goal is to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD) and improve management of those with CVD through lifestyle changes, such as diet, physical activity, and weight management. The guideline focuses on three critical questions (CQs): dietary patterns and macronutrients affecting blood pressure (BP) and lipids, sodium and potassium affecting BP and CVD outcomes, and physical activity affecting lipids and BP. The recommendations are based on systematic reviews of evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs), meta-analyses, and observational studies. The Work Group emphasized dietary patterns over individual components, as they provide a broader picture of overall dietary habits and their impact on CVD risk factors. Key dietary recommendations include adopting a Mediterranean-style diet (MED) and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, which are associated with lower BP and lipid levels. The DASH diet is high in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy, and low in red meat and sweets. It is also recommended to limit saturated and trans fats, reduce sodium intake, and increase potassium intake. Physical activity is also emphasized, with recommendations for regular aerobic and resistance exercise to lower BP and improve lipid profiles. The guideline emphasizes that lifestyle changes should be tailored to individual needs and preferences, and that these recommendations are not a replacement for clinical judgment. The guidelines are intended to provide a framework for healthcare providers to use in managing CVD risk factors, with the understanding that individualized care is essential. The recommendations are supported by high-quality evidence and are consistent with other national guidelines. The guideline also highlights the importance of ongoing research to refine and update these recommendations as new evidence becomes available.
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