The article reviews the role of oxidative stress (OS) in female reproduction, from oocyte maturation to fertilization, embryo development, and pregnancy. OS, characterized by an imbalance between prooxidants and antioxidants, affects multiple physiological processes and is implicated in various reproductive disorders. ROS, a key component of OS, have both physiological and pathological roles in the female reproductive tract. They influence oocyte maturation, ovarian steroidogenesis, and luteal function. OS is also involved in age-related decline in fertility, pregnancy complications, and preterm labor. Antioxidants, including enzymatic and non-enzymatic forms, play a crucial role in scavenging ROS and preventing cellular damage. The article discusses the measurement of oxidative stress biomarkers and their significance in understanding reproductive disorders. It highlights the impact of OS on female infertility, including endometriosis, tubal factor infertility, and unexplained infertility. The role of cytokines and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in regulating ovarian and endometrial functions is explored, along with their potential in treating infertility. The article also examines the effects of OS on assisted reproductive techniques (ART), emphasizing the importance of maintaining a balance between prooxidants and antioxidants to enhance fertility outcomes.The article reviews the role of oxidative stress (OS) in female reproduction, from oocyte maturation to fertilization, embryo development, and pregnancy. OS, characterized by an imbalance between prooxidants and antioxidants, affects multiple physiological processes and is implicated in various reproductive disorders. ROS, a key component of OS, have both physiological and pathological roles in the female reproductive tract. They influence oocyte maturation, ovarian steroidogenesis, and luteal function. OS is also involved in age-related decline in fertility, pregnancy complications, and preterm labor. Antioxidants, including enzymatic and non-enzymatic forms, play a crucial role in scavenging ROS and preventing cellular damage. The article discusses the measurement of oxidative stress biomarkers and their significance in understanding reproductive disorders. It highlights the impact of OS on female infertility, including endometriosis, tubal factor infertility, and unexplained infertility. The role of cytokines and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in regulating ovarian and endometrial functions is explored, along with their potential in treating infertility. The article also examines the effects of OS on assisted reproductive techniques (ART), emphasizing the importance of maintaining a balance between prooxidants and antioxidants to enhance fertility outcomes.