This review summarizes recent research progress on bioactive factors against skin aging, focusing on their sources, mechanisms of action, and therapeutic potential. Skin, as the body's largest organ, is susceptible to aging due to factors like UV radiation, pollution, and oxidative stress. Bioactive factors, including peptides, amino acids, and secondary metabolites, have shown promising anti-aging effects by modulating pathways related to skin integrity and youthfulness. The article highlights collagen peptides, antioxidants, and herbal extracts, emphasizing their roles in promoting collagen synthesis, enhancing skin barrier function, and reducing visible aging signs. It discusses the therapeutic potential of these factors in developing innovative anti-aging skin care solutions. Collagen, a key structural protein, plays a critical role in skin health, with different types contributing uniquely to skin structure and resilience. Oral and topical collagen can improve skin structure and barrier function. Enzymes like trypsin and bromelain also contribute to skin aging prevention by promoting elastin synthesis and reducing oxidative stress. Bioactive peptides, such as copper tripeptide-1 and palmitoyl pentapeptide-4, enhance collagen synthesis and inhibit collagen degradation. Amino acids like arginine and glycine support skin hydration and collagen production. Cell-derived products, including stem cells and exosomes, show potential in promoting skin regeneration and reducing aging. Microbial products, such as probiotics and fungal extracts, also contribute to skin health by enhancing barrier function and reducing inflammation. Nucleic acids and their derivatives play a role in DNA repair and skin protection. Overall, these bioactive factors offer new perspectives for future research and development in anti-aging skin care.This review summarizes recent research progress on bioactive factors against skin aging, focusing on their sources, mechanisms of action, and therapeutic potential. Skin, as the body's largest organ, is susceptible to aging due to factors like UV radiation, pollution, and oxidative stress. Bioactive factors, including peptides, amino acids, and secondary metabolites, have shown promising anti-aging effects by modulating pathways related to skin integrity and youthfulness. The article highlights collagen peptides, antioxidants, and herbal extracts, emphasizing their roles in promoting collagen synthesis, enhancing skin barrier function, and reducing visible aging signs. It discusses the therapeutic potential of these factors in developing innovative anti-aging skin care solutions. Collagen, a key structural protein, plays a critical role in skin health, with different types contributing uniquely to skin structure and resilience. Oral and topical collagen can improve skin structure and barrier function. Enzymes like trypsin and bromelain also contribute to skin aging prevention by promoting elastin synthesis and reducing oxidative stress. Bioactive peptides, such as copper tripeptide-1 and palmitoyl pentapeptide-4, enhance collagen synthesis and inhibit collagen degradation. Amino acids like arginine and glycine support skin hydration and collagen production. Cell-derived products, including stem cells and exosomes, show potential in promoting skin regeneration and reducing aging. Microbial products, such as probiotics and fungal extracts, also contribute to skin health by enhancing barrier function and reducing inflammation. Nucleic acids and their derivatives play a role in DNA repair and skin protection. Overall, these bioactive factors offer new perspectives for future research and development in anti-aging skin care.