This review examines postharvest losses (PHL) in cereal grains, focusing on their causes, impacts, and mitigation strategies. PHL occurs during the postharvest process, from harvest to consumption, and is influenced by factors such as crop type, season, and environmental conditions. Globally, PHL is a significant issue, with less than 5% of agricultural research funding allocated to this area. Cereal grains, including rice, wheat, and maize, are particularly affected, with losses ranging from 10% to 30% in many developing countries. PHL is caused by various factors, including poor handling, inadequate storage, and climatic conditions. The review highlights the importance of adopting appropriate technologies and practices to reduce PHL, such as mechanized harvesting, improved storage facilities, and better transportation systems. It also discusses the social and environmental impacts of PHL, emphasizing the need for sustainable solutions to enhance food security and reduce waste. The review concludes that reducing PHL is more cost-effective than increasing food production and can significantly improve food availability and economic returns. Effective postharvest management is crucial for minimizing losses and ensuring the sustainability of agricultural systems.This review examines postharvest losses (PHL) in cereal grains, focusing on their causes, impacts, and mitigation strategies. PHL occurs during the postharvest process, from harvest to consumption, and is influenced by factors such as crop type, season, and environmental conditions. Globally, PHL is a significant issue, with less than 5% of agricultural research funding allocated to this area. Cereal grains, including rice, wheat, and maize, are particularly affected, with losses ranging from 10% to 30% in many developing countries. PHL is caused by various factors, including poor handling, inadequate storage, and climatic conditions. The review highlights the importance of adopting appropriate technologies and practices to reduce PHL, such as mechanized harvesting, improved storage facilities, and better transportation systems. It also discusses the social and environmental impacts of PHL, emphasizing the need for sustainable solutions to enhance food security and reduce waste. The review concludes that reducing PHL is more cost-effective than increasing food production and can significantly improve food availability and economic returns. Effective postharvest management is crucial for minimizing losses and ensuring the sustainability of agricultural systems.