This review article discusses the research progress on post-acute sequelae (PASC) after SARS-CoV-2 infection, also known as "long COVID." PASC refers to long-term complications and sequelae that persist after recovery from acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, affecting multiple organ systems. These symptoms can last more than 12 weeks and include fatigue, muscle pain, weakness, respiratory issues, neurological symptoms, psychiatric disorders, and others. The article explores the pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment of PASC, aiming to raise awareness and optimize management strategies. SARS-CoV-2 primarily affects the respiratory, cardiovascular, neurological, psychiatric, urinary, blood, skin, and digestive systems. The persistence of low-load virus, abnormal immune response, secondary autoimmune diseases, and multisystem damage caused by microthrombosis are believed to contribute to the occurrence and progression of PASC. The virus binds to ACE2 receptors on the surface of target cells, leading to cell damage and the release of inflammatory factors, which can cause cytokine storms and further damage to the body. The respiratory system is significantly affected by SARS-CoV-2, leading to lung parenchyma and interstitial damage, pulmonary fibrosis, and long-term symptoms such as cough, dyspnea, and chest pain. Studies show that a significant proportion of patients still have abnormal lung function and imaging findings even months after discharge. The cardiovascular system is also affected, with damage to cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Patients may experience myocardial injury, arrhythmia, and other cardiovascular complications. The nervous system is affected by SARS-CoV-2, leading to neurological symptoms such as taste and smell disorders, headaches, cognitive impairment, and psychiatric disorders like anxiety, depression, and insomnia. The virus can also cause sensory and motor dysfunction, stroke, and hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction. The digestive system is affected, with symptoms such as gastrointestinal issues, liver dysfunction, and skin damage, including hair loss and skin lesions. The article highlights the need for long-term follow-up and management of PASC, including pulmonary rehabilitation, mental health assessments, and monitoring of renal function. It also emphasizes the importance of understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of PASC to develop effective treatments and improve the quality of life for patients recovering from SARS-CoV-2 infection.This review article discusses the research progress on post-acute sequelae (PASC) after SARS-CoV-2 infection, also known as "long COVID." PASC refers to long-term complications and sequelae that persist after recovery from acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, affecting multiple organ systems. These symptoms can last more than 12 weeks and include fatigue, muscle pain, weakness, respiratory issues, neurological symptoms, psychiatric disorders, and others. The article explores the pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment of PASC, aiming to raise awareness and optimize management strategies. SARS-CoV-2 primarily affects the respiratory, cardiovascular, neurological, psychiatric, urinary, blood, skin, and digestive systems. The persistence of low-load virus, abnormal immune response, secondary autoimmune diseases, and multisystem damage caused by microthrombosis are believed to contribute to the occurrence and progression of PASC. The virus binds to ACE2 receptors on the surface of target cells, leading to cell damage and the release of inflammatory factors, which can cause cytokine storms and further damage to the body. The respiratory system is significantly affected by SARS-CoV-2, leading to lung parenchyma and interstitial damage, pulmonary fibrosis, and long-term symptoms such as cough, dyspnea, and chest pain. Studies show that a significant proportion of patients still have abnormal lung function and imaging findings even months after discharge. The cardiovascular system is also affected, with damage to cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Patients may experience myocardial injury, arrhythmia, and other cardiovascular complications. The nervous system is affected by SARS-CoV-2, leading to neurological symptoms such as taste and smell disorders, headaches, cognitive impairment, and psychiatric disorders like anxiety, depression, and insomnia. The virus can also cause sensory and motor dysfunction, stroke, and hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction. The digestive system is affected, with symptoms such as gastrointestinal issues, liver dysfunction, and skin damage, including hair loss and skin lesions. The article highlights the need for long-term follow-up and management of PASC, including pulmonary rehabilitation, mental health assessments, and monitoring of renal function. It also emphasizes the importance of understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of PASC to develop effective treatments and improve the quality of life for patients recovering from SARS-CoV-2 infection.