This article reviews the detection and analysis methods for heavy metals (HMs) in plants, emphasizing the importance of understanding HM accumulation, transport, and detoxification mechanisms to reduce their harmful effects on plants and humans. Heavy metals, such as Cd, Pb, As, and Hg, are essential and non-essential nutrients for plants, but excessive accumulation can cause toxicity. HMs enter plants through soil, water, and air, and are absorbed by roots or leaves, accumulating in various plant parts. The article discusses the mechanisms of HM uptake, transport, and detoxification, as well as the chemical forms and spatial distribution of HMs in plants. It also highlights the importance of detecting and analyzing HMs in plants to develop strategies for reducing their accumulation and improving plant health. The article outlines various detection and analysis techniques, including inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), and non-invasive micro-test technology (NMT). These techniques allow for the determination of HM concentrations, chemical forms, spatial distribution, and transport pathways in plants. Additionally, "omics" and molecular biology approaches contribute to understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying plant-HM interactions. The article also discusses the challenges and future directions in HM detection and analysis, emphasizing the need for further research to develop more effective and efficient techniques for detecting and analyzing HMs in plants. The review aims to provide guidance for selecting appropriate methods for studying HMs in plants and to promote the development of new technologies for HM detection and plant remediation.This article reviews the detection and analysis methods for heavy metals (HMs) in plants, emphasizing the importance of understanding HM accumulation, transport, and detoxification mechanisms to reduce their harmful effects on plants and humans. Heavy metals, such as Cd, Pb, As, and Hg, are essential and non-essential nutrients for plants, but excessive accumulation can cause toxicity. HMs enter plants through soil, water, and air, and are absorbed by roots or leaves, accumulating in various plant parts. The article discusses the mechanisms of HM uptake, transport, and detoxification, as well as the chemical forms and spatial distribution of HMs in plants. It also highlights the importance of detecting and analyzing HMs in plants to develop strategies for reducing their accumulation and improving plant health. The article outlines various detection and analysis techniques, including inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), and non-invasive micro-test technology (NMT). These techniques allow for the determination of HM concentrations, chemical forms, spatial distribution, and transport pathways in plants. Additionally, "omics" and molecular biology approaches contribute to understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying plant-HM interactions. The article also discusses the challenges and future directions in HM detection and analysis, emphasizing the need for further research to develop more effective and efficient techniques for detecting and analyzing HMs in plants. The review aims to provide guidance for selecting appropriate methods for studying HMs in plants and to promote the development of new technologies for HM detection and plant remediation.