This article reviews the current progress in vascularization strategies for tissue-engineered bone. Bone defects caused by trauma, infection, tumors, and other factors are a major clinical challenge and a focus of current research. Tissue-engineered bone offers a promising solution, but the main challenge remains the rapid vascularization of the engineered bone to ensure sufficient nutrient supply and metabolic waste removal. The development of vascular networks is critical for successful bone repair, as delayed or absent vascularization can hinder or prevent new bone formation. The article discusses the mechanisms linking bone vascularization and osteogenesis, highlighting the role of H-type blood vessels in promoting osteogenic differentiation and angiogenesis. It also explores the effects of the physicochemical properties of bone bioscaffolds on angiogenesis, emphasizing the importance of surface topography, porosity, and pore structure in promoting vascularization and bone regeneration. Additionally, the article reviews the role of 3D printing in promoting vascularized osteogenesis and the use of microfluidics to enhance vascularization. The article also examines the effects of cytokine-loaded bone bioscaffolds on angiogenesis, highlighting the importance of growth factors such as VEGF in promoting angiogenesis and osteogenesis. It discusses the potential of trace elements, including magnesium, strontium, cobalt, copper, and silicon, in enhancing angiogenesis and bone regeneration. The article concludes that while significant progress has been made in vascularization strategies for tissue-engineered bone, further research is needed to optimize the vascularization process, control growth factor release, and understand the underlying mechanisms of angiogenesis and osteogenesis. The integration of trace elements and biomaterials to enhance angiogenic properties is a promising approach for improving bone regeneration.This article reviews the current progress in vascularization strategies for tissue-engineered bone. Bone defects caused by trauma, infection, tumors, and other factors are a major clinical challenge and a focus of current research. Tissue-engineered bone offers a promising solution, but the main challenge remains the rapid vascularization of the engineered bone to ensure sufficient nutrient supply and metabolic waste removal. The development of vascular networks is critical for successful bone repair, as delayed or absent vascularization can hinder or prevent new bone formation. The article discusses the mechanisms linking bone vascularization and osteogenesis, highlighting the role of H-type blood vessels in promoting osteogenic differentiation and angiogenesis. It also explores the effects of the physicochemical properties of bone bioscaffolds on angiogenesis, emphasizing the importance of surface topography, porosity, and pore structure in promoting vascularization and bone regeneration. Additionally, the article reviews the role of 3D printing in promoting vascularized osteogenesis and the use of microfluidics to enhance vascularization. The article also examines the effects of cytokine-loaded bone bioscaffolds on angiogenesis, highlighting the importance of growth factors such as VEGF in promoting angiogenesis and osteogenesis. It discusses the potential of trace elements, including magnesium, strontium, cobalt, copper, and silicon, in enhancing angiogenesis and bone regeneration. The article concludes that while significant progress has been made in vascularization strategies for tissue-engineered bone, further research is needed to optimize the vascularization process, control growth factor release, and understand the underlying mechanisms of angiogenesis and osteogenesis. The integration of trace elements and biomaterials to enhance angiogenic properties is a promising approach for improving bone regeneration.