Resisting high-energy impact events through gap engineering in superconducting qubit arrays

Resisting high-energy impact events through gap engineering in superconducting qubit arrays

October 8, 2024 | Matt McEwen, Kevin C. Miao, Juan Atalaya, Alexander Bilmes, Alex Crook, Jenna Bovaird, John Mark Kreikebaum, Nicholas Zobrist, Evan Jeffrey, Bicheng Ying, Andreas Bengtsson, Hung-Shen Chang, Andrew Dunsworth, Julian Kelly, Yaxing Zhang, Ebrahim Forati, Rajeev Acharya, Justin Iveland, Wayne Liu, Seon Kim, Brian Burkett, Anthony Megrant, Yu Chen, Charles Neill, Daniel Sank, Michel Devoret, and Alex Opremca
This study presents a method to resist high-energy impact events in superconducting qubit arrays by using gap engineering. High-energy impacts generate correlated errors by producing phonons that increase quasiparticle (QP) density, which then tunnel through Josephson junctions and induce errors. By engineering different superconducting gaps on either side of the junction, the energy barrier for QP tunneling is increased, reducing the impact of these errors. The research demonstrates that strongly gap engineered qubits show no degradation in T1 during impact events, while weakly gap engineered qubits experience correlated degradation. Additionally, strongly gap engineered qubits are robust to QP poisoning from optical illumination, enabling measurement of qubit coherence at elevated QP densities. The results show that gap engineering mitigates the threat of high-energy impacts to quantum error correction (QEC) in superconducting qubit arrays. The study also shows that gap engineering at the junction provides strong protection against QP poisoning in large-scale devices. The technique is effective and easy to implement, making it a significant advancement in the first line of defense against high-energy impact events in superconducting qubits. The findings suggest that future QEC experiments can now demonstrate the key building blocks of fault-tolerant quantum computing at scale.This study presents a method to resist high-energy impact events in superconducting qubit arrays by using gap engineering. High-energy impacts generate correlated errors by producing phonons that increase quasiparticle (QP) density, which then tunnel through Josephson junctions and induce errors. By engineering different superconducting gaps on either side of the junction, the energy barrier for QP tunneling is increased, reducing the impact of these errors. The research demonstrates that strongly gap engineered qubits show no degradation in T1 during impact events, while weakly gap engineered qubits experience correlated degradation. Additionally, strongly gap engineered qubits are robust to QP poisoning from optical illumination, enabling measurement of qubit coherence at elevated QP densities. The results show that gap engineering mitigates the threat of high-energy impacts to quantum error correction (QEC) in superconducting qubit arrays. The study also shows that gap engineering at the junction provides strong protection against QP poisoning in large-scale devices. The technique is effective and easy to implement, making it a significant advancement in the first line of defense against high-energy impact events in superconducting qubits. The findings suggest that future QEC experiments can now demonstrate the key building blocks of fault-tolerant quantum computing at scale.
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[slides and audio] Resisting High-Energy Impact Events through Gap Engineering in Superconducting Qubit Arrays.