Resisting high-energy impact events through gap engineering in superconducting qubit arrays

Resisting high-energy impact events through gap engineering in superconducting qubit arrays

October 8, 2024 | Matt McEwen, Kevin C. Miao, Juan Atalaya, Alexander Bilmes, Alex Crook, Jenna Bovaird, John Mark Kreikebaum, Nicholas Zobrist, Evan Jeffrey, Bicheng Ying, Andreas Bengtsson, Hung-Shen Chang, Andrew Dunsworth, Julian Kelly, Yaxing Zhang, Ebrahim Forati, Rajeev Acharya, Justin Iveland, Wayne Liu, Seon Kim, Brian Burkett, Anthony Megrant, Yu Chen, Charles Neill, Daniel Sank, Michel Devoret, and Alex Opremcak
The paper discusses a method to resist high-energy impact events in superconducting qubit arrays, which can cause correlated errors and violate the assumption of uncorrelated physical errors necessary for fault-tolerant quantum computing. High-energy impacts generate phonons that propagate through the device, creating quasiparticles (QPs) and inducing correlated errors. The authors fabricate all-aluminum transmon qubits with both strong and weak gap engineering on the same substrate. Strongly gap engineered qubits show no degradation in $T_1$ during impact events, while weakly gap engineered qubits exhibit correlated degradation. Additionally, strongly gap engineered qubits are robust to QP poisoning from increasing optical illumination intensity, whereas weakly gap engineered qubits show rapid coherence degradation. This gap engineering technique effectively mitigates the threat of high-energy impacts to QEC in superconducting qubit arrays, opening new avenues for measurement of QP-induced effects and enabling fault-tolerant quantum computing at scale.The paper discusses a method to resist high-energy impact events in superconducting qubit arrays, which can cause correlated errors and violate the assumption of uncorrelated physical errors necessary for fault-tolerant quantum computing. High-energy impacts generate phonons that propagate through the device, creating quasiparticles (QPs) and inducing correlated errors. The authors fabricate all-aluminum transmon qubits with both strong and weak gap engineering on the same substrate. Strongly gap engineered qubits show no degradation in $T_1$ during impact events, while weakly gap engineered qubits exhibit correlated degradation. Additionally, strongly gap engineered qubits are robust to QP poisoning from increasing optical illumination intensity, whereas weakly gap engineered qubits show rapid coherence degradation. This gap engineering technique effectively mitigates the threat of high-energy impacts to QEC in superconducting qubit arrays, opening new avenues for measurement of QP-induced effects and enabling fault-tolerant quantum computing at scale.
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