Laura Pulido's article "Rethinking Environmental Racism: White Privilege and Urban Development in Southern California" examines how environmental racism is conceptualized in the environmental justice literature. She argues that the current understanding of environmental racism is too narrow, focusing on individual acts of discrimination rather than the broader structural and systemic forms of racism. Pulido introduces the concept of white privilege as a complementary understanding of racism, emphasizing that it is a structural, historical, and spatial phenomenon that benefits whites and contributes to racial inequality. Pulido uses Los Angeles as a case study to explore how environmental racism is shaped by historical and spatial processes. She highlights the disproportionate exposure of nonwhite communities to pollution and the role of industrial land use, residential segregation, and suburbanization in creating these patterns. She argues that the emphasis on siting, intentionality, and scale in environmental racism studies is insufficient to fully understand the complex relationships between race, space, and environmental injustice. Pulido critiques the environmental justice literature for its narrow conception of racism, which often reduces it to individual acts of discrimination rather than recognizing the structural and systemic nature of racism. She argues that this narrow understanding limits our ability to grasp the full scope of environmental racism and its underlying causes. Instead, she proposes a broader understanding of racism that includes white privilege, which is a form of racism that underlies and is distinct from institutional and overt racism. Pulido also discusses the role of spatial scale in understanding environmental racism, arguing that the current focus on discrete acts of racism ignores the broader sociospatial processes that contribute to environmental injustice. She emphasizes the importance of examining the historical and spatial dimensions of racism to fully understand the patterns of environmental racism in urban areas. In conclusion, Pulido's article challenges the current understanding of environmental racism and proposes a more comprehensive and structural approach to analyzing the relationship between race, space, and environmental injustice. She argues that understanding environmental racism requires a broader conceptualization of racism that includes white privilege and recognizes the historical and spatial dimensions of racial inequality.Laura Pulido's article "Rethinking Environmental Racism: White Privilege and Urban Development in Southern California" examines how environmental racism is conceptualized in the environmental justice literature. She argues that the current understanding of environmental racism is too narrow, focusing on individual acts of discrimination rather than the broader structural and systemic forms of racism. Pulido introduces the concept of white privilege as a complementary understanding of racism, emphasizing that it is a structural, historical, and spatial phenomenon that benefits whites and contributes to racial inequality. Pulido uses Los Angeles as a case study to explore how environmental racism is shaped by historical and spatial processes. She highlights the disproportionate exposure of nonwhite communities to pollution and the role of industrial land use, residential segregation, and suburbanization in creating these patterns. She argues that the emphasis on siting, intentionality, and scale in environmental racism studies is insufficient to fully understand the complex relationships between race, space, and environmental injustice. Pulido critiques the environmental justice literature for its narrow conception of racism, which often reduces it to individual acts of discrimination rather than recognizing the structural and systemic nature of racism. She argues that this narrow understanding limits our ability to grasp the full scope of environmental racism and its underlying causes. Instead, she proposes a broader understanding of racism that includes white privilege, which is a form of racism that underlies and is distinct from institutional and overt racism. Pulido also discusses the role of spatial scale in understanding environmental racism, arguing that the current focus on discrete acts of racism ignores the broader sociospatial processes that contribute to environmental injustice. She emphasizes the importance of examining the historical and spatial dimensions of racism to fully understand the patterns of environmental racism in urban areas. In conclusion, Pulido's article challenges the current understanding of environmental racism and proposes a more comprehensive and structural approach to analyzing the relationship between race, space, and environmental injustice. She argues that understanding environmental racism requires a broader conceptualization of racism that includes white privilege and recognizes the historical and spatial dimensions of racial inequality.