This review article by Ronald Pethig provides an overview of the current status of dielectrophoresis (DEP), covering its theory, technology, and applications. Over the past decade, around 2000 publications have addressed these aspects, indicating significant progress in both theory and technology. The dipole approximation for the DEP force has evolved to include multipole contributions, perturbing effects from interactions with other cells and boundary surfaces, and the influence of electrical double-layer polarizations for nanoparticles. Theoretical modeling of electric field gradients generated by different electrode designs has also advanced. Technological advancements include sophisticated electrode designs, new materials, and fabrication methods. Most of the scientific publications and patent applications focus on practical applications, such as biosensors, cell therapeutics, drug discovery, medical diagnostics, microfluidics, nanoassembly, and particle filtration. DEP is particularly useful for manipulating nanoparticles without the need for biochemical labels or surface contact, making it valuable in biomedical applications like cell manipulation and separation. The review also discusses the theoretical modeling of DEP, including the impact of multipole moments and perturbing boundaries, and highlights the importance of accurate boundary conditions in electrode design.This review article by Ronald Pethig provides an overview of the current status of dielectrophoresis (DEP), covering its theory, technology, and applications. Over the past decade, around 2000 publications have addressed these aspects, indicating significant progress in both theory and technology. The dipole approximation for the DEP force has evolved to include multipole contributions, perturbing effects from interactions with other cells and boundary surfaces, and the influence of electrical double-layer polarizations for nanoparticles. Theoretical modeling of electric field gradients generated by different electrode designs has also advanced. Technological advancements include sophisticated electrode designs, new materials, and fabrication methods. Most of the scientific publications and patent applications focus on practical applications, such as biosensors, cell therapeutics, drug discovery, medical diagnostics, microfluidics, nanoassembly, and particle filtration. DEP is particularly useful for manipulating nanoparticles without the need for biochemical labels or surface contact, making it valuable in biomedical applications like cell manipulation and separation. The review also discusses the theoretical modeling of DEP, including the impact of multipole moments and perturbing boundaries, and highlights the importance of accurate boundary conditions in electrode design.