This article reviews the application of electrospinning technology in enhancing the photocatalytic, electrocatalytic, and magnetic responsiveness of nanofibers. Electrospinning, a process that uses a high-voltage electric field to spin polymer solutions into fibers, has gained significant interest due to its ability to produce nanofibers with increased specific surface areas and porosity. In photocatalysis, the focus is on improving the photocatalytic efficiency of TiO₂ fibers through doping with transition metals, non-metal elements, and rare earth elements, as well as combining TiO₂ with other oxides. For electrocatalysis, the article discusses the use of various electrocatalysts, including precious metals, transition metals, and carbon-based materials, to enhance water splitting efficiency. In the realm of magnetic responsiveness, electrospun fibers are categorized into magnetic metal, compound, and composite fibers, with carbon-based materials playing a crucial role due to their low cost and good conductivity. The review highlights the potential of these modifications in various applications, emphasizing the environmental and practical benefits of electrospinning.This article reviews the application of electrospinning technology in enhancing the photocatalytic, electrocatalytic, and magnetic responsiveness of nanofibers. Electrospinning, a process that uses a high-voltage electric field to spin polymer solutions into fibers, has gained significant interest due to its ability to produce nanofibers with increased specific surface areas and porosity. In photocatalysis, the focus is on improving the photocatalytic efficiency of TiO₂ fibers through doping with transition metals, non-metal elements, and rare earth elements, as well as combining TiO₂ with other oxides. For electrocatalysis, the article discusses the use of various electrocatalysts, including precious metals, transition metals, and carbon-based materials, to enhance water splitting efficiency. In the realm of magnetic responsiveness, electrospun fibers are categorized into magnetic metal, compound, and composite fibers, with carbon-based materials playing a crucial role due to their low cost and good conductivity. The review highlights the potential of these modifications in various applications, emphasizing the environmental and practical benefits of electrospinning.