Electrospinning technology has attracted significant attention in recent years due to its ability to produce nanofibers with high specific surface area and porosity, which are essential for various applications. This review summarizes the use of electrospinning in photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, and magnetic responsiveness. In photocatalysis, strategies to enhance the photocatalytic efficiency of TiO₂ fibers include doping with transition metals, non-metals, and rare earth elements, as well as combining TiO₂ with other oxides. In electrocatalysis, electrospun catalysts include precious metal, transition metal, transition metal oxide, carbon-metal composite, and carbon-based non-metal catalysts. Carbon-based non-metal catalysts are emerging as a promising research area. In magnetic fibers, electrospun fibers are categorized into magnetic metal, magnetic compound, and magnetic composite fibers. The addition of carbon-based materials expands the research possibilities of magnetic fibers. Some magnetic fibers also exhibit notable photocatalytic capabilities, suggesting potential for integrating magnetic responsiveness with photocatalysis. Electrospinning technology is important in photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, and magnetic responsiveness, with significant potential for further development. The 'nano effect' refers to the unique physical and chemical properties of nanomaterials, such as conductive silica at the nanometer level. Electrospinning, which uses high-voltage electric fields to spin polymer solutions into fibers, has been widely applied in various fields, including filtration, sensors, pharmaceuticals, batteries, and catalysis. Photocatalytic technology, an environmentally friendly method, can decompose target molecules into non-toxic products. The combination of electrospinning and photocatalysis can enhance the photocatalyst activity. TiO₂ is a widely used photocatalytic material that can be doped with various elements. Electrospinning also involves electrocatalysis and magnetism, with electrocatalysis related to batteries and magnetism as an auxiliary technique. In electrocatalysis, carbon-based composite and metal-free catalysts show good development prospects. Carbon-based materials are important in electrocatalysis and magnetic response due to their low cost and good conductivity. Electrospinning is a process of spinning polymer solutions into fibers using a high-voltage electric field. The device includes positive and negative electrodes, power supply, a syringe driving device, and a conductive collector. Under the electric field, the polymer liquid becomes a fine fiber, and the solvent volatilizes and solidifies rapidly. The fiber forms a Taylor cone and falls on the collector. The ejection of the polymer liquid is affected by the electric field. After several splits, the liquid is ejected.Electrospinning technology has attracted significant attention in recent years due to its ability to produce nanofibers with high specific surface area and porosity, which are essential for various applications. This review summarizes the use of electrospinning in photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, and magnetic responsiveness. In photocatalysis, strategies to enhance the photocatalytic efficiency of TiO₂ fibers include doping with transition metals, non-metals, and rare earth elements, as well as combining TiO₂ with other oxides. In electrocatalysis, electrospun catalysts include precious metal, transition metal, transition metal oxide, carbon-metal composite, and carbon-based non-metal catalysts. Carbon-based non-metal catalysts are emerging as a promising research area. In magnetic fibers, electrospun fibers are categorized into magnetic metal, magnetic compound, and magnetic composite fibers. The addition of carbon-based materials expands the research possibilities of magnetic fibers. Some magnetic fibers also exhibit notable photocatalytic capabilities, suggesting potential for integrating magnetic responsiveness with photocatalysis. Electrospinning technology is important in photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, and magnetic responsiveness, with significant potential for further development. The 'nano effect' refers to the unique physical and chemical properties of nanomaterials, such as conductive silica at the nanometer level. Electrospinning, which uses high-voltage electric fields to spin polymer solutions into fibers, has been widely applied in various fields, including filtration, sensors, pharmaceuticals, batteries, and catalysis. Photocatalytic technology, an environmentally friendly method, can decompose target molecules into non-toxic products. The combination of electrospinning and photocatalysis can enhance the photocatalyst activity. TiO₂ is a widely used photocatalytic material that can be doped with various elements. Electrospinning also involves electrocatalysis and magnetism, with electrocatalysis related to batteries and magnetism as an auxiliary technique. In electrocatalysis, carbon-based composite and metal-free catalysts show good development prospects. Carbon-based materials are important in electrocatalysis and magnetic response due to their low cost and good conductivity. Electrospinning is a process of spinning polymer solutions into fibers using a high-voltage electric field. The device includes positive and negative electrodes, power supply, a syringe driving device, and a conductive collector. Under the electric field, the polymer liquid becomes a fine fiber, and the solvent volatilizes and solidifies rapidly. The fiber forms a Taylor cone and falls on the collector. The ejection of the polymer liquid is affected by the electric field. After several splits, the liquid is ejected.