Produced water is the largest waste stream in the oil and gas industry, consisting of various organic and inorganic compounds. With increasing global waste volumes, the environmental impact of discharging produced water has become a major concern. Conventional treatment methods include physical, chemical, and biological processes. On offshore platforms, compact systems are used due to space limitations, but they often fail to remove small suspended oil particles and dissolved elements. Many chemical treatments are costly and generate hazardous sludge. In onshore facilities, biological pretreatment of oily wastewater can be cost-effective and environmentally friendly. However, high salinity and varying influent characteristics affect effluent turbidity, so physical treatments like membranes are recommended to refine the final effluent. Future research should focus on optimizing current technologies and combining physico-chemical and/or biological treatments to meet reuse and discharge standards. Keywords: Oilfield brine; Oilfield wastewater; Produced water; Treatment technology.Produced water is the largest waste stream in the oil and gas industry, consisting of various organic and inorganic compounds. With increasing global waste volumes, the environmental impact of discharging produced water has become a major concern. Conventional treatment methods include physical, chemical, and biological processes. On offshore platforms, compact systems are used due to space limitations, but they often fail to remove small suspended oil particles and dissolved elements. Many chemical treatments are costly and generate hazardous sludge. In onshore facilities, biological pretreatment of oily wastewater can be cost-effective and environmentally friendly. However, high salinity and varying influent characteristics affect effluent turbidity, so physical treatments like membranes are recommended to refine the final effluent. Future research should focus on optimizing current technologies and combining physico-chemical and/or biological treatments to meet reuse and discharge standards. Keywords: Oilfield brine; Oilfield wastewater; Produced water; Treatment technology.