This review article examines the protective mechanisms of curcumin on cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), a leading cause of global mortality. Curcumin, a polyphenolic compound derived from turmeric, has been shown to have various pharmacological properties, including protecting cardiomyocytes from ischemia and hypoxia, inhibiting myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis, improving ventricular remodeling, reducing drug-induced myocardial injury, and alleviating diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Curcumin also improves vascular endothelial dysfunction, reduces vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation, and protects blood vessels from oxidative stress. The article discusses the mechanisms by which curcumin exerts these effects, including the activation of signaling pathways such as Nrf2/HO-1, TLR4/NF-κB, and PPARγ. Additionally, curcumin has been found to inhibit inflammation, promote angiogenesis, and reduce drug and environmental damage to vascular endothelial cells (VEC). In clinical trials, curcumin has shown positive effects on flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and endothelial function. The article also reviews the protective effects of curcumin on cardiomyocytes, including alleviating ischemia and reperfusion injury, reducing cardiomyocyte apoptosis, inhibiting cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and fibrosis, and treating autoimmune myocardial injury and DCM. Overall, the review highlights the potential of curcumin as a promising therapeutic agent for CVDs, emphasizing its safety and the need for further research to develop it into new drugs.This review article examines the protective mechanisms of curcumin on cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), a leading cause of global mortality. Curcumin, a polyphenolic compound derived from turmeric, has been shown to have various pharmacological properties, including protecting cardiomyocytes from ischemia and hypoxia, inhibiting myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis, improving ventricular remodeling, reducing drug-induced myocardial injury, and alleviating diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Curcumin also improves vascular endothelial dysfunction, reduces vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation, and protects blood vessels from oxidative stress. The article discusses the mechanisms by which curcumin exerts these effects, including the activation of signaling pathways such as Nrf2/HO-1, TLR4/NF-κB, and PPARγ. Additionally, curcumin has been found to inhibit inflammation, promote angiogenesis, and reduce drug and environmental damage to vascular endothelial cells (VEC). In clinical trials, curcumin has shown positive effects on flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and endothelial function. The article also reviews the protective effects of curcumin on cardiomyocytes, including alleviating ischemia and reperfusion injury, reducing cardiomyocyte apoptosis, inhibiting cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and fibrosis, and treating autoimmune myocardial injury and DCM. Overall, the review highlights the potential of curcumin as a promising therapeutic agent for CVDs, emphasizing its safety and the need for further research to develop it into new drugs.