Quantum walks are quantum mechanical analogs of classical random walks, offering significant computational advantages over classical models. They utilize quantum effects like superposition, interference, and entanglement to achieve faster computation and have been applied in various fields, including quantum algorithms, simulations, and network analysis. Quantum walks are particularly promising for quantum computing in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era, as they provide a feasible path for implementing application-specific quantum computing. Recent progress in quantum walk implementations has demonstrated their potential for universal quantum computation and quantum supremacy. Quantum walks can be classified into discrete-time (DTQW) and continuous-time (CTQW) models. DTQW involves step-by-step evolution with a coin and shift operator, while CTQW evolves continuously using a Hamiltonian. Other models include Szegedy quantum walks, staggered quantum walks, and non-unitary quantum walks. These models differ in their structure and implementation, but they share common characteristics such as faster spreading and quantum advantage in certain tasks. Quantum walks exhibit unique properties, such as faster mixing times, reduced hitting times, and Anderson localization, which make them suitable for complex problems. They also show computational speedup in sampling tasks, such as Boson sampling, which is classically intractable. Quantum walks have been implemented in various physical systems, including superconducting qubits, trapped ions, and integrated photonics. These implementations have demonstrated the feasibility of quantum walk-based computing and have shown progress in scalability and programmability. Theoretical and experimental studies highlight the potential of quantum walks in quantum computing, with ongoing research focusing on improving their efficiency, scalability, and practical applications. Challenges remain in achieving fault tolerance and error correction, but recent advancements suggest that quantum walks could play a key role in the future of quantum computing.Quantum walks are quantum mechanical analogs of classical random walks, offering significant computational advantages over classical models. They utilize quantum effects like superposition, interference, and entanglement to achieve faster computation and have been applied in various fields, including quantum algorithms, simulations, and network analysis. Quantum walks are particularly promising for quantum computing in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era, as they provide a feasible path for implementing application-specific quantum computing. Recent progress in quantum walk implementations has demonstrated their potential for universal quantum computation and quantum supremacy. Quantum walks can be classified into discrete-time (DTQW) and continuous-time (CTQW) models. DTQW involves step-by-step evolution with a coin and shift operator, while CTQW evolves continuously using a Hamiltonian. Other models include Szegedy quantum walks, staggered quantum walks, and non-unitary quantum walks. These models differ in their structure and implementation, but they share common characteristics such as faster spreading and quantum advantage in certain tasks. Quantum walks exhibit unique properties, such as faster mixing times, reduced hitting times, and Anderson localization, which make them suitable for complex problems. They also show computational speedup in sampling tasks, such as Boson sampling, which is classically intractable. Quantum walks have been implemented in various physical systems, including superconducting qubits, trapped ions, and integrated photonics. These implementations have demonstrated the feasibility of quantum walk-based computing and have shown progress in scalability and programmability. Theoretical and experimental studies highlight the potential of quantum walks in quantum computing, with ongoing research focusing on improving their efficiency, scalability, and practical applications. Challenges remain in achieving fault tolerance and error correction, but recent advancements suggest that quantum walks could play a key role in the future of quantum computing.