The COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted global education systems, forcing a rapid shift to online learning. This review explores the effectiveness of online learning from a global perspective, analyzing technological, pedagogical, socio-economic, and psychological dimensions. The study highlights the disparities in technological readiness, access to devices, and internet connectivity across different regions, which have influenced the online learning experience. While some regions adapted smoothly, others faced challenges due to limited infrastructure and resources. The review also examines the pedagogical strategies employed in online education, emphasizing the need for innovative approaches to enhance student engagement and motivation. Socio-economic factors played a crucial role, as economic disparities affected access to education, particularly for vulnerable populations. The psychological impact of online learning, including isolation, screen fatigue, and mental health challenges, was also addressed. The review underscores the importance of implementing support measures and mental health resources to ensure the well-being of students and educators. Comparative analysis reveals commonalities and differences in the global experiences of online learning, highlighting the need for culturally and socio-economically tailored solutions. The study concludes that addressing technological disparities, adapting pedagogical practices, and implementing inclusive policies are essential for improving the effectiveness of online learning. The lessons learned from this global perspective provide valuable insights for future educational strategies and policies, aiming to create a more equitable and effective online learning environment.The COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted global education systems, forcing a rapid shift to online learning. This review explores the effectiveness of online learning from a global perspective, analyzing technological, pedagogical, socio-economic, and psychological dimensions. The study highlights the disparities in technological readiness, access to devices, and internet connectivity across different regions, which have influenced the online learning experience. While some regions adapted smoothly, others faced challenges due to limited infrastructure and resources. The review also examines the pedagogical strategies employed in online education, emphasizing the need for innovative approaches to enhance student engagement and motivation. Socio-economic factors played a crucial role, as economic disparities affected access to education, particularly for vulnerable populations. The psychological impact of online learning, including isolation, screen fatigue, and mental health challenges, was also addressed. The review underscores the importance of implementing support measures and mental health resources to ensure the well-being of students and educators. Comparative analysis reveals commonalities and differences in the global experiences of online learning, highlighting the need for culturally and socio-economically tailored solutions. The study concludes that addressing technological disparities, adapting pedagogical practices, and implementing inclusive policies are essential for improving the effectiveness of online learning. The lessons learned from this global perspective provide valuable insights for future educational strategies and policies, aiming to create a more equitable and effective online learning environment.