Zein nanoparticles (NPs) are promising candidates for precision cancer drug delivery due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and ability to encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. These NPs offer targeted delivery, reduced side effects, and enhanced therapeutic efficiency. They are also being explored for gene therapy, where their nonviral nature and controlled release properties make them suitable for delivering genetic material to specific cells. Zein NPs can be functionalized with various ligands to improve their targeting capabilities and are being used in combination with other materials to enhance their performance. Challenges include optimizing their size, stability, and controlled release, as well as ensuring their safety and effectiveness in clinical settings. Future research aims to address these challenges and improve the scalability and commercial viability of zein-based nanosystems for cancer treatment. The unique properties of zein NPs, such as their ability to withstand harsh conditions and their potential for targeted drug delivery, make them a valuable tool in the development of more effective and safer cancer therapies.Zein nanoparticles (NPs) are promising candidates for precision cancer drug delivery due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and ability to encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. These NPs offer targeted delivery, reduced side effects, and enhanced therapeutic efficiency. They are also being explored for gene therapy, where their nonviral nature and controlled release properties make them suitable for delivering genetic material to specific cells. Zein NPs can be functionalized with various ligands to improve their targeting capabilities and are being used in combination with other materials to enhance their performance. Challenges include optimizing their size, stability, and controlled release, as well as ensuring their safety and effectiveness in clinical settings. Future research aims to address these challenges and improve the scalability and commercial viability of zein-based nanosystems for cancer treatment. The unique properties of zein NPs, such as their ability to withstand harsh conditions and their potential for targeted drug delivery, make them a valuable tool in the development of more effective and safer cancer therapies.