This review article provides a comprehensive overview of *Rhizopus stolonifer* and its control strategies in postharvest fruit storage. *R. stolonifer* is a significant pathogen affecting over 100 types of fruits, causing soft rot, black mold, and Rhizopus rot. The article discusses the morphology and detection methods of *R. stolonifer*, including the use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and hyperspectral imaging. It also details the infection mechanisms, such as the release of enzymes that digest host cell walls and the ability to invade wounded tissues. The control strategies are categorized into physical, chemical, and biological methods. Physical methods, such as low-temperature storage and irradiation, are effective but have limitations in terms of cost and environmental impact. Chemical methods, including fungicides and nanomaterials, are widely used but pose risks of environmental pollution and pathogen resistance. Biological control methods, such as natural extracts (chitosan, tea polyphenols) and plant volatile compounds, show promise but require further development for practical application. The article concludes by highlighting the need for multidimensional research on the infection mechanisms of *R. stolonifer* and the development of new natural antifungal products. It emphasizes the importance of combining different control strategies to achieve effective and safe management of postharvest fungal diseases.This review article provides a comprehensive overview of *Rhizopus stolonifer* and its control strategies in postharvest fruit storage. *R. stolonifer* is a significant pathogen affecting over 100 types of fruits, causing soft rot, black mold, and Rhizopus rot. The article discusses the morphology and detection methods of *R. stolonifer*, including the use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and hyperspectral imaging. It also details the infection mechanisms, such as the release of enzymes that digest host cell walls and the ability to invade wounded tissues. The control strategies are categorized into physical, chemical, and biological methods. Physical methods, such as low-temperature storage and irradiation, are effective but have limitations in terms of cost and environmental impact. Chemical methods, including fungicides and nanomaterials, are widely used but pose risks of environmental pollution and pathogen resistance. Biological control methods, such as natural extracts (chitosan, tea polyphenols) and plant volatile compounds, show promise but require further development for practical application. The article concludes by highlighting the need for multidimensional research on the infection mechanisms of *R. stolonifer* and the development of new natural antifungal products. It emphasizes the importance of combining different control strategies to achieve effective and safe management of postharvest fungal diseases.