The article reviews the physical defenses of rice against insect herbivores, emphasizing the underexplored area of surface defenses. Physical defenses in rice include trichomes, epicuticular wax, silica, callose, and lignin, which act as the first line of defense by restricting or deterring herbivores. The review highlights the importance of these defenses in reducing insect damage and their potential for genetic improvement in rice breeding programs. Specific studies on rice epicuticular wax, trichomes, callose deposition, and lignin are discussed, along with the genetic basis of these defenses. The authors suggest that further research on the molecular and genetic mechanisms of physical defenses can enhance rice resistance to insect pests, reducing the reliance on chemical pesticides and improving food security.The article reviews the physical defenses of rice against insect herbivores, emphasizing the underexplored area of surface defenses. Physical defenses in rice include trichomes, epicuticular wax, silica, callose, and lignin, which act as the first line of defense by restricting or deterring herbivores. The review highlights the importance of these defenses in reducing insect damage and their potential for genetic improvement in rice breeding programs. Specific studies on rice epicuticular wax, trichomes, callose deposition, and lignin are discussed, along with the genetic basis of these defenses. The authors suggest that further research on the molecular and genetic mechanisms of physical defenses can enhance rice resistance to insect pests, reducing the reliance on chemical pesticides and improving food security.