The article discusses the nature of bacterial biofilm resistance to antimicrobials, focusing on the mechanisms that allow biofilms to resist killing by these agents. Biofilms are populations of cells enclosed in an exopolysaccharide matrix, which can restrict the diffusion of antimicrobials and protect cells from their effects. The article highlights the role of restricted penetration, decreased growth rate, and expression of resistance genes in biofilm resistance. However, it also introduces the concept of persisters, a small fraction of cells within biofilms that survive antibiotic treatment by entering a dormant state. These persisters can be responsible for the high level of resistance observed in biofilms to killing by a wide range of antimicrobials. The article suggests that the presence of persisters and the ability to restrict antimicrobial penetration are key factors in biofilm resistance. It also discusses methods for studying biofilm susceptibility and the potential for developing therapies to eradicate biofilms, including the use of cyclical antibiotic regimens and physical approaches like electromagnetic fields or ultrasound.The article discusses the nature of bacterial biofilm resistance to antimicrobials, focusing on the mechanisms that allow biofilms to resist killing by these agents. Biofilms are populations of cells enclosed in an exopolysaccharide matrix, which can restrict the diffusion of antimicrobials and protect cells from their effects. The article highlights the role of restricted penetration, decreased growth rate, and expression of resistance genes in biofilm resistance. However, it also introduces the concept of persisters, a small fraction of cells within biofilms that survive antibiotic treatment by entering a dormant state. These persisters can be responsible for the high level of resistance observed in biofilms to killing by a wide range of antimicrobials. The article suggests that the presence of persisters and the ability to restrict antimicrobial penetration are key factors in biofilm resistance. It also discusses methods for studying biofilm susceptibility and the potential for developing therapies to eradicate biofilms, including the use of cyclical antibiotic regimens and physical approaches like electromagnetic fields or ultrasound.