This study investigates the neural basis of response inhibition using event-related functional MRI (ER-fMRI). The results show that response inhibition is primarily associated with the right hemisphere, involving regions such as the middle and inferior frontal gyri, frontal limbic area, anterior insula, and inferior parietal lobe. These findings challenge the traditional emphasis on ventral frontal regions for response inhibition, suggesting instead that response inhibition is a distributed cortical network. The study used ER-fMRI to identify brain regions that showed a transient change in fMRI signal after withholding a prepotent motor response. This method minimized contamination from response inhibition errors and other extraneous processes. The results showed that response inhibition is associated with a right-hemisphere dominant network, including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate, supplementary motor area, and parietal lobes. The study also found that response inhibition is associated with a distributed network of brain regions, including the supplementary motor area, dorsal and ventral frontal regions, anterior cingulate, and occipital and parietal lobes. These findings suggest that response inhibition is not solely dependent on ventral frontal regions but involves a broader network of cortical areas. The study's results have implications for understanding the neuroanatomical basis of inhibitory control, which is essential for normal cognitive functioning and has been implicated in various clinical syndromes. The findings also suggest that the ability to inhibit prepotent responses is a fundamental executive function that is critical for successful living. The study's use of ER-fMRI allowed for the isolation of activation associated solely with correct response inhibitions, providing a more accurate representation of the neural mechanisms underlying response inhibition. The results highlight the importance of the right hemisphere in response inhibition and suggest that the observed activation is specific to response inhibition tasks. The study also found that the activation associated with response inhibition is distinct from the activation associated with response execution, further supporting the idea that response inhibition is a distinct cognitive process. The findings have important implications for understanding the neural mechanisms underlying response inhibition and for developing interventions for disorders associated with inhibitory deficits.This study investigates the neural basis of response inhibition using event-related functional MRI (ER-fMRI). The results show that response inhibition is primarily associated with the right hemisphere, involving regions such as the middle and inferior frontal gyri, frontal limbic area, anterior insula, and inferior parietal lobe. These findings challenge the traditional emphasis on ventral frontal regions for response inhibition, suggesting instead that response inhibition is a distributed cortical network. The study used ER-fMRI to identify brain regions that showed a transient change in fMRI signal after withholding a prepotent motor response. This method minimized contamination from response inhibition errors and other extraneous processes. The results showed that response inhibition is associated with a right-hemisphere dominant network, including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate, supplementary motor area, and parietal lobes. The study also found that response inhibition is associated with a distributed network of brain regions, including the supplementary motor area, dorsal and ventral frontal regions, anterior cingulate, and occipital and parietal lobes. These findings suggest that response inhibition is not solely dependent on ventral frontal regions but involves a broader network of cortical areas. The study's results have implications for understanding the neuroanatomical basis of inhibitory control, which is essential for normal cognitive functioning and has been implicated in various clinical syndromes. The findings also suggest that the ability to inhibit prepotent responses is a fundamental executive function that is critical for successful living. The study's use of ER-fMRI allowed for the isolation of activation associated solely with correct response inhibitions, providing a more accurate representation of the neural mechanisms underlying response inhibition. The results highlight the importance of the right hemisphere in response inhibition and suggest that the observed activation is specific to response inhibition tasks. The study also found that the activation associated with response inhibition is distinct from the activation associated with response execution, further supporting the idea that response inhibition is a distinct cognitive process. The findings have important implications for understanding the neural mechanisms underlying response inhibition and for developing interventions for disorders associated with inhibitory deficits.