Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major global health issue, responsible for 17.9 million deaths annually, with 75% occurring in low- and middle-income countries. Risk factors include obesity, diabetes, smoking, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol. Socioeconomic status, education, and lifestyle choices significantly influence CVD risk. Smoking, unhealthy diets, physical inactivity, and excessive alcohol consumption are key behavioral risk factors. Family history also plays a role, as individuals with a family history of CVD are at higher risk. Obesity increases the risk of CVD through various mechanisms, including increased blood pressure and inflammation. High blood pressure is a leading cause of CVD, with prevalence rising globally. Diabetes also increases CVD risk, with a threefold higher risk for diabetics. Alcohol consumption is linked to increased CVD risk, particularly with excessive intake. Lack of exercise contributes to chronic diseases, including CVD. High cholesterol levels are a significant risk factor for atherosclerosis, a major cause of CVD. Effective prevention and management require addressing these risk factors through public health initiatives, education, and lifestyle changes. Despite progress, challenges remain in identifying and managing CVD, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Comprehensive strategies for early detection, treatment, and prevention are essential to reduce the global burden of CVD.Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major global health issue, responsible for 17.9 million deaths annually, with 75% occurring in low- and middle-income countries. Risk factors include obesity, diabetes, smoking, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol. Socioeconomic status, education, and lifestyle choices significantly influence CVD risk. Smoking, unhealthy diets, physical inactivity, and excessive alcohol consumption are key behavioral risk factors. Family history also plays a role, as individuals with a family history of CVD are at higher risk. Obesity increases the risk of CVD through various mechanisms, including increased blood pressure and inflammation. High blood pressure is a leading cause of CVD, with prevalence rising globally. Diabetes also increases CVD risk, with a threefold higher risk for diabetics. Alcohol consumption is linked to increased CVD risk, particularly with excessive intake. Lack of exercise contributes to chronic diseases, including CVD. High cholesterol levels are a significant risk factor for atherosclerosis, a major cause of CVD. Effective prevention and management require addressing these risk factors through public health initiatives, education, and lifestyle changes. Despite progress, challenges remain in identifying and managing CVD, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Comprehensive strategies for early detection, treatment, and prevention are essential to reduce the global burden of CVD.