This review summarizes the risk factors associated with urothelial bladder cancer (UBC). Smoking is the most significant risk factor, with tobacco smoke containing carcinogens like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and aromatic amines that contribute to UBC development. Smoking-related bladder cancer mortality ranks second to smoking-related lung cancer mortality. For non-smokers, pollution, including water and air pollution, is a major risk factor. Chlorinated water and chlorinated swimming pools are linked to increased UBC risk. Occupational exposure to carcinogens, particularly aromatic amines, is also a significant risk factor, with approximately 20% of UBC cases potentially linked to such exposure. Genetic factors, diet, and medical conditions also play roles in UBC risk. Alcohol, processed meat, and certain vitamins may increase UBC risk, while fruits and vegetables may reduce it. Other risk factors include diabetes, obesity, and certain medical treatments. The review emphasizes the importance of prevention, particularly smoking cessation programs, and highlights the need to control air and water pollution to reduce UBC risk.This review summarizes the risk factors associated with urothelial bladder cancer (UBC). Smoking is the most significant risk factor, with tobacco smoke containing carcinogens like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and aromatic amines that contribute to UBC development. Smoking-related bladder cancer mortality ranks second to smoking-related lung cancer mortality. For non-smokers, pollution, including water and air pollution, is a major risk factor. Chlorinated water and chlorinated swimming pools are linked to increased UBC risk. Occupational exposure to carcinogens, particularly aromatic amines, is also a significant risk factor, with approximately 20% of UBC cases potentially linked to such exposure. Genetic factors, diet, and medical conditions also play roles in UBC risk. Alcohol, processed meat, and certain vitamins may increase UBC risk, while fruits and vegetables may reduce it. Other risk factors include diabetes, obesity, and certain medical treatments. The review emphasizes the importance of prevention, particularly smoking cessation programs, and highlights the need to control air and water pollution to reduce UBC risk.