This review article aims to provide an overview of the risk factors associated with urothelial bladder cancer (UBC), the most common histologic form of bladder cancer. The study conducted a comprehensive literature search from 2012 to 2024 using databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Medline. Key search terms included "bladder cancer," "urothelial bladder cancer," "incidence of urothelial bladder cancer worldwide," "mortality rate of bladder cancer," "incidence according to gender," "treatment for bladder cancer," and "risk factors of bladder cancer." The major risk factors identified for UBC include smoking, which is the primary cause, followed by pollution, particularly from arsenic and chlorinated water. Occupational exposure to carcinogens, such as aromatic amines, is also a significant risk factor. Genetic factors, diet, and medical conditions, including diabetes and obesity, are other contributors. The article highlights the importance of initial prevention, particularly smoking cessation programs, and emphasizes the need to investigate other risk factors for non-smokers, such as air and water pollution. The review concludes that while smoking is the most significant risk factor for UBC, it is not the only one. Other factors, including environmental and occupational exposures, should be addressed to reduce the incidence and recurrence of the disease.This review article aims to provide an overview of the risk factors associated with urothelial bladder cancer (UBC), the most common histologic form of bladder cancer. The study conducted a comprehensive literature search from 2012 to 2024 using databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Medline. Key search terms included "bladder cancer," "urothelial bladder cancer," "incidence of urothelial bladder cancer worldwide," "mortality rate of bladder cancer," "incidence according to gender," "treatment for bladder cancer," and "risk factors of bladder cancer." The major risk factors identified for UBC include smoking, which is the primary cause, followed by pollution, particularly from arsenic and chlorinated water. Occupational exposure to carcinogens, such as aromatic amines, is also a significant risk factor. Genetic factors, diet, and medical conditions, including diabetes and obesity, are other contributors. The article highlights the importance of initial prevention, particularly smoking cessation programs, and emphasizes the need to investigate other risk factors for non-smokers, such as air and water pollution. The review concludes that while smoking is the most significant risk factor for UBC, it is not the only one. Other factors, including environmental and occupational exposures, should be addressed to reduce the incidence and recurrence of the disease.