This study investigates the risk and prediction of job burnout among nurses responding to public health emergencies. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Xiangyang City, China, involving 1584 working nurses. The Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R) and the Chinese version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS) were used to assess PTSD and burnout. Logistic regression analysis identified age, marital status, procreation status, length of service, employee status, and ICU work as risk factors for PTSD. Burnout prevalence was 27.4% for emotional exhaustion (EE), 48.5% for depersonalization (DP), and 18.6% for diminished personal accomplishment (PA). A nomogram was developed to predict burnout risk, validated by calibration curves and ROC analysis. The study concludes that PTSD and burnout are common issues for nurses during public health emergencies, with single nurses and those working in general hospitals with many night shifts being at higher risk. Hospitals should establish personal health records and provide timely interventions to support nurses' mental health.This study investigates the risk and prediction of job burnout among nurses responding to public health emergencies. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Xiangyang City, China, involving 1584 working nurses. The Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R) and the Chinese version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS) were used to assess PTSD and burnout. Logistic regression analysis identified age, marital status, procreation status, length of service, employee status, and ICU work as risk factors for PTSD. Burnout prevalence was 27.4% for emotional exhaustion (EE), 48.5% for depersonalization (DP), and 18.6% for diminished personal accomplishment (PA). A nomogram was developed to predict burnout risk, validated by calibration curves and ROC analysis. The study concludes that PTSD and burnout are common issues for nurses during public health emergencies, with single nurses and those working in general hospitals with many night shifts being at higher risk. Hospitals should establish personal health records and provide timely interventions to support nurses' mental health.