The article explores the robust perfect adaptation in bacterial chemotaxis through the lens of integral feedback control. Integral feedback control is a fundamental engineering strategy that ensures a system's output robustly tracks its desired value despite noise or parameter variations. The authors propose that the precision of adaptation in bacterial chemotaxis is due to the system's inherent property of integral feedback control. Using control and dynamical systems theory, they demonstrate that integral control is structurally inherent in the Barkai–Leibler model of bacterial chemotaxis and identify key assumptions necessary for this control mechanism. They argue that integral control is essential for robust perfect adaptation and may underlie the robustness of many homeostatic mechanisms in biological systems. The study also discusses the experimental evidence supporting these assumptions and highlights the importance of integral control in understanding and engineering biological systems.The article explores the robust perfect adaptation in bacterial chemotaxis through the lens of integral feedback control. Integral feedback control is a fundamental engineering strategy that ensures a system's output robustly tracks its desired value despite noise or parameter variations. The authors propose that the precision of adaptation in bacterial chemotaxis is due to the system's inherent property of integral feedback control. Using control and dynamical systems theory, they demonstrate that integral control is structurally inherent in the Barkai–Leibler model of bacterial chemotaxis and identify key assumptions necessary for this control mechanism. They argue that integral control is essential for robust perfect adaptation and may underlie the robustness of many homeostatic mechanisms in biological systems. The study also discusses the experimental evidence supporting these assumptions and highlights the importance of integral control in understanding and engineering biological systems.