Epigenetic modulation plays a crucial role in neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA (ncRNA) regulation, influence gene expression and contribute to the pathogenesis of NDDs. Natural phytochemicals, such as resveratrol, curcumin, and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), have shown potential therapeutic effects due to their ability to modulate epigenetic processes. These compounds can influence DNA methylation, histone acetylation, and ncRNA expression, thereby affecting neuroinflammation, protein aggregation, and neuronal death. In AD, epigenetic changes such as hypomethylation of genes like SNCA and PGC-1α are associated with increased α-synuclein expression and mitochondrial dysfunction. In PD, mutations in genes like SNCA, LRRK2, and PINK1 contribute to the loss of dopaminergic neurons and the accumulation of α-synuclein. Epigenetic modifications, including histone acetylation and DNA methylation, are also implicated in the progression of PD. Non-coding RNAs, such as miRNAs and lncRNAs, regulate gene expression and contribute to the pathogenesis of both AD and PD. Nutriepigenomics highlights the role of diet in modulating epigenetic mechanisms, with a Mediterranean diet rich in vegetables, fruits, and oils showing potential in reducing the risk of AD and PD. Phytochemicals like tea polyphenols, resveratrol, and curcumin can influence epigenetic modifications by regulating DNMTs, HDACs, and miRNA expression, offering therapeutic potential for neuroprotection and disease management.Epigenetic modulation plays a crucial role in neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA (ncRNA) regulation, influence gene expression and contribute to the pathogenesis of NDDs. Natural phytochemicals, such as resveratrol, curcumin, and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), have shown potential therapeutic effects due to their ability to modulate epigenetic processes. These compounds can influence DNA methylation, histone acetylation, and ncRNA expression, thereby affecting neuroinflammation, protein aggregation, and neuronal death. In AD, epigenetic changes such as hypomethylation of genes like SNCA and PGC-1α are associated with increased α-synuclein expression and mitochondrial dysfunction. In PD, mutations in genes like SNCA, LRRK2, and PINK1 contribute to the loss of dopaminergic neurons and the accumulation of α-synuclein. Epigenetic modifications, including histone acetylation and DNA methylation, are also implicated in the progression of PD. Non-coding RNAs, such as miRNAs and lncRNAs, regulate gene expression and contribute to the pathogenesis of both AD and PD. Nutriepigenomics highlights the role of diet in modulating epigenetic mechanisms, with a Mediterranean diet rich in vegetables, fruits, and oils showing potential in reducing the risk of AD and PD. Phytochemicals like tea polyphenols, resveratrol, and curcumin can influence epigenetic modifications by regulating DNMTs, HDACs, and miRNA expression, offering therapeutic potential for neuroprotection and disease management.