The article explores the role of epigenetic modulation in neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), and the potential of phytochemicals as therapeutic agents. Epigenetics involves changes in gene expression without altering the DNA sequence, and it plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression in the nervous system. Natural phytochemicals, such as resveratrol, curcumin, and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), have shown promise in combating AD and PD due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. These phytochemicals influence DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA expression, which are key mechanisms in epigenetic regulation. For instance, resveratrol activates the deacetylase enzyme SIRT1, while curcumin inhibits DNMT1 and HAT activity, affecting gene expression and reducing Aβ production. The article also discusses the impact of diet on epigenetic mechanisms, highlighting the potential of a healthy diet, such as the Mediterranean diet, in reducing the risk of AD and PD. Overall, the review emphasizes the importance of understanding epigenetic modifications in neurodegenerative diseases and the therapeutic potential of phytochemicals in modulating these mechanisms.The article explores the role of epigenetic modulation in neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), and the potential of phytochemicals as therapeutic agents. Epigenetics involves changes in gene expression without altering the DNA sequence, and it plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression in the nervous system. Natural phytochemicals, such as resveratrol, curcumin, and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), have shown promise in combating AD and PD due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. These phytochemicals influence DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA expression, which are key mechanisms in epigenetic regulation. For instance, resveratrol activates the deacetylase enzyme SIRT1, while curcumin inhibits DNMT1 and HAT activity, affecting gene expression and reducing Aβ production. The article also discusses the impact of diet on epigenetic mechanisms, highlighting the potential of a healthy diet, such as the Mediterranean diet, in reducing the risk of AD and PD. Overall, the review emphasizes the importance of understanding epigenetic modifications in neurodegenerative diseases and the therapeutic potential of phytochemicals in modulating these mechanisms.