The article reviews the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in vascular diseases, inflammation, and angiogenesis. MiRNAs are a class of non-coding small RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. They play crucial roles in various physiological and pathological processes, including cardiogenesis, haematopoietic lineage differentiation, and oncogenesis. Specific miRNAs, such as let-7f, miR-27b, and miR-130a, have been identified as pro-angiogenic, while miR-221 and miR-222 inhibit endothelial cell migration, proliferation, and angiogenesis. MiRNAs are also involved in tumour angiogenesis, with the miR-17-92 cluster and miR-378 being notable examples. Early studies indicate that specific miRNAs, such as miR-155, miR-21, and miR-126, contribute to vascular inflammation and diseases. The identification of these miRNAs and their targets offers new therapeutic strategies for treating vascular diseases, improving neovascularization after ischaemia, and preventing tumour progression. The article also discusses the role of Dicer and Drosha in cardiovascular biology, the regulation of miRNAs during pathophysiological processes, and the potential of miRNAs as therapeutic tools.The article reviews the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in vascular diseases, inflammation, and angiogenesis. MiRNAs are a class of non-coding small RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. They play crucial roles in various physiological and pathological processes, including cardiogenesis, haematopoietic lineage differentiation, and oncogenesis. Specific miRNAs, such as let-7f, miR-27b, and miR-130a, have been identified as pro-angiogenic, while miR-221 and miR-222 inhibit endothelial cell migration, proliferation, and angiogenesis. MiRNAs are also involved in tumour angiogenesis, with the miR-17-92 cluster and miR-378 being notable examples. Early studies indicate that specific miRNAs, such as miR-155, miR-21, and miR-126, contribute to vascular inflammation and diseases. The identification of these miRNAs and their targets offers new therapeutic strategies for treating vascular diseases, improving neovascularization after ischaemia, and preventing tumour progression. The article also discusses the role of Dicer and Drosha in cardiovascular biology, the regulation of miRNAs during pathophysiological processes, and the potential of miRNAs as therapeutic tools.