Phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms (PSM) play a crucial role in sustainable agriculture by improving phosphorus availability to plants in an environmentally friendly manner. Phosphorus is often the limiting nutrient for plant growth, especially in acidic soils with high phosphorus fixation capacities. PSM can solubilize insoluble phosphorus compounds, making them available to plants and enhancing growth. However, the effectiveness of PSM in the field is variable, and factors such as soil conditions, microbial interactions, and environmental stress can influence their performance. Despite this, PSM are widely used in agronomic practices to increase crop productivity while maintaining soil health. The review highlights the importance of PSM in sustainable agriculture, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions where phosphorus availability is limited. PSM can be used as biofertilizers, either alone or in combination with other microorganisms, to improve soil fertility and crop yields. The review also discusses the mechanisms of phosphate solubilization, the factors affecting PSM survival, and the interactions between PSM and other soil microorganisms. The application of PSM in sustainable agriculture is promising, but further research is needed to optimize their use and ensure their effectiveness in different agro-ecological conditions.Phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms (PSM) play a crucial role in sustainable agriculture by improving phosphorus availability to plants in an environmentally friendly manner. Phosphorus is often the limiting nutrient for plant growth, especially in acidic soils with high phosphorus fixation capacities. PSM can solubilize insoluble phosphorus compounds, making them available to plants and enhancing growth. However, the effectiveness of PSM in the field is variable, and factors such as soil conditions, microbial interactions, and environmental stress can influence their performance. Despite this, PSM are widely used in agronomic practices to increase crop productivity while maintaining soil health. The review highlights the importance of PSM in sustainable agriculture, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions where phosphorus availability is limited. PSM can be used as biofertilizers, either alone or in combination with other microorganisms, to improve soil fertility and crop yields. The review also discusses the mechanisms of phosphate solubilization, the factors affecting PSM survival, and the interactions between PSM and other soil microorganisms. The application of PSM in sustainable agriculture is promising, but further research is needed to optimize their use and ensure their effectiveness in different agro-ecological conditions.