The article reviews the role of phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms (PSM) in sustainable agriculture, emphasizing their importance in overcoming phosphorus deficiency, a major limiting factor for plant growth. Phosphorus is less mobile and available to plants compared to other nutrients, and its availability varies with soil conditions and plant species. PSM can solubilize inorganic phosphorus, making it more accessible to plants, thereby enhancing crop productivity. The review highlights the variability in PSM performance, which has hindered their large-scale application. Despite this, PSM are widely used in agronomic practices to increase crop yields while maintaining soil health. The article discusses the nature of phosphatic biofertilizers, the mechanisms of phosphate solubilization, and the production of PSM inoculants. It also explores the interactions between PSM and other rhizosphere microorganisms, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and their impact on crop yield. The review concludes by addressing the factors affecting the survival of PSM inoculants and the challenges in achieving consistent results. Genetic engineering is suggested as a potential approach to develop more effective PSM inoculants.The article reviews the role of phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms (PSM) in sustainable agriculture, emphasizing their importance in overcoming phosphorus deficiency, a major limiting factor for plant growth. Phosphorus is less mobile and available to plants compared to other nutrients, and its availability varies with soil conditions and plant species. PSM can solubilize inorganic phosphorus, making it more accessible to plants, thereby enhancing crop productivity. The review highlights the variability in PSM performance, which has hindered their large-scale application. Despite this, PSM are widely used in agronomic practices to increase crop yields while maintaining soil health. The article discusses the nature of phosphatic biofertilizers, the mechanisms of phosphate solubilization, and the production of PSM inoculants. It also explores the interactions between PSM and other rhizosphere microorganisms, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and their impact on crop yield. The review concludes by addressing the factors affecting the survival of PSM inoculants and the challenges in achieving consistent results. Genetic engineering is suggested as a potential approach to develop more effective PSM inoculants.