The article reviews the role of plant hormones in regulating defense responses against biotic and abiotic stresses. It highlights the significant progress made in understanding the key components and functions of salicylic acid (SA), jasmonates (JA), and ethylene (ET) in plant defense against biotic stresses. The review also discusses the involvement of other hormones such as abscisic acid (ABA), auxin, gibberellic acid (GA), cytokinin (CK), brassinosteroids (BR), and peptide hormones in plant defense signaling pathways. The authors emphasize the complex regulatory networks that integrate stress-induced changes in hormone levels to initiate adaptive responses. They provide insights into the mechanisms by which pathogens manipulate plant defense-related regulatory networks, leading to hormonal imbalances and inappropriate defense responses. The review focuses on recent advances in identifying the hormonal components involved in plant defense against various pests and diseases, particularly the roles of SA, JA, and ET in defense signaling networks.The article reviews the role of plant hormones in regulating defense responses against biotic and abiotic stresses. It highlights the significant progress made in understanding the key components and functions of salicylic acid (SA), jasmonates (JA), and ethylene (ET) in plant defense against biotic stresses. The review also discusses the involvement of other hormones such as abscisic acid (ABA), auxin, gibberellic acid (GA), cytokinin (CK), brassinosteroids (BR), and peptide hormones in plant defense signaling pathways. The authors emphasize the complex regulatory networks that integrate stress-induced changes in hormone levels to initiate adaptive responses. They provide insights into the mechanisms by which pathogens manipulate plant defense-related regulatory networks, leading to hormonal imbalances and inappropriate defense responses. The review focuses on recent advances in identifying the hormonal components involved in plant defense against various pests and diseases, particularly the roles of SA, JA, and ET in defense signaling networks.