The quantum Hall effect (QHE), a macroscopic quantum phenomenon, has been observed in graphene at room temperature, a significant advancement from the typical low-temperature conditions required for QHE. The study, conducted by researchers from the University of Manchester, Columbia University, and other institutions, highlights the unique properties of graphene, where charge carriers behave as massless relativistic particles (Dirac fermions). This allows for a large cyclotron gap, which exceeds the thermal energy at room temperature, enabling the QHE to persist. The Hall conductivity $\sigma_{xy}$ shows clear plateaus at $2e^2/h$ for both electrons and holes, while the longitudinal conductivity $\rho_{xx}$ approaches zero with an activation energy of about 600K. The mobility of Dirac fermions remains high, contributing to the robustness of the QHE. These findings open new possibilities for developing graphene-based resistance standards and quantum devices operating at elevated temperatures.The quantum Hall effect (QHE), a macroscopic quantum phenomenon, has been observed in graphene at room temperature, a significant advancement from the typical low-temperature conditions required for QHE. The study, conducted by researchers from the University of Manchester, Columbia University, and other institutions, highlights the unique properties of graphene, where charge carriers behave as massless relativistic particles (Dirac fermions). This allows for a large cyclotron gap, which exceeds the thermal energy at room temperature, enabling the QHE to persist. The Hall conductivity $\sigma_{xy}$ shows clear plateaus at $2e^2/h$ for both electrons and holes, while the longitudinal conductivity $\rho_{xx}$ approaches zero with an activation energy of about 600K. The mobility of Dirac fermions remains high, contributing to the robustness of the QHE. These findings open new possibilities for developing graphene-based resistance standards and quantum devices operating at elevated temperatures.