Royal jelly (RJ) is a highly nutritious natural product derived from honeybees, known for its exceptional nutritional value and potential health benefits. This review highlights the biological and therapeutic activities of RJ, emphasizing its bioactive components and their health-promoting properties. RJ contains a rich mixture of proteins, vitamins, lipids, minerals, hormones, neurotransmitters, flavonoids, and polyphenols. Key bioactive molecules include 10-hydroxy-2-decenoi acid (10-HDA), antibacterial protein, apisin, major royal jelly proteins (MRJPs), and specific peptides such as apismim, royalisin, royalactin, apidaecin, defensin-1, and jelleins. RJ exhibits numerous physiological and pharmacological properties, including vasodilatory, hypotensive, antihypercholesterolaemic, antidiabetic, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-aging, neuroprotective, antimicrobial, estrogenic, anti-allergic, anti-osteoporotic, and anti-tumor effects. It also shows potential in reducing menopause symptoms and improving reproductive, liver, and kidney health, as well as promoting wound healing. The review discusses the molecular mechanisms underlying these beneficial effects, focusing on the bioactive components and their health-promoting properties. The data presented aim to inspire future clinical studies to advance our understanding of RJ's therapeutic potential and facilitate the development of novel RJ-based therapeutic opportunities for improving human health and well-being.Royal jelly (RJ) is a highly nutritious natural product derived from honeybees, known for its exceptional nutritional value and potential health benefits. This review highlights the biological and therapeutic activities of RJ, emphasizing its bioactive components and their health-promoting properties. RJ contains a rich mixture of proteins, vitamins, lipids, minerals, hormones, neurotransmitters, flavonoids, and polyphenols. Key bioactive molecules include 10-hydroxy-2-decenoi acid (10-HDA), antibacterial protein, apisin, major royal jelly proteins (MRJPs), and specific peptides such as apismim, royalisin, royalactin, apidaecin, defensin-1, and jelleins. RJ exhibits numerous physiological and pharmacological properties, including vasodilatory, hypotensive, antihypercholesterolaemic, antidiabetic, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-aging, neuroprotective, antimicrobial, estrogenic, anti-allergic, anti-osteoporotic, and anti-tumor effects. It also shows potential in reducing menopause symptoms and improving reproductive, liver, and kidney health, as well as promoting wound healing. The review discusses the molecular mechanisms underlying these beneficial effects, focusing on the bioactive components and their health-promoting properties. The data presented aim to inspire future clinical studies to advance our understanding of RJ's therapeutic potential and facilitate the development of novel RJ-based therapeutic opportunities for improving human health and well-being.