The article discusses the emergence of two highly pathogenic coronaviruses, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, and their impact on human health. It highlights the transmission dynamics, pathogenesis, and the development of therapeutic and preventive measures against these viruses. SARS-CoV emerged in 2002, leading to a global pandemic that was controlled through infection control measures, while MERS-CoV, first identified in 2012, continues to cause outbreaks, particularly in the Middle East. Both viruses exhibit significant nosocomial transmission, with high case-fatality rates. The article emphasizes the role of dromedary camels as a reservoir for MERS-CoV and bats for SARS-CoV-like viruses. It also outlines the challenges in developing effective treatments, including the need for human clinical trials for potential therapies like antiviral drugs, immunomodulators, and vaccines. The review underscores the importance of understanding viral replication and host immune responses to design better interventions. Despite progress in research, more studies are needed to develop effective countermeasures against these emerging coronaviruses.The article discusses the emergence of two highly pathogenic coronaviruses, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, and their impact on human health. It highlights the transmission dynamics, pathogenesis, and the development of therapeutic and preventive measures against these viruses. SARS-CoV emerged in 2002, leading to a global pandemic that was controlled through infection control measures, while MERS-CoV, first identified in 2012, continues to cause outbreaks, particularly in the Middle East. Both viruses exhibit significant nosocomial transmission, with high case-fatality rates. The article emphasizes the role of dromedary camels as a reservoir for MERS-CoV and bats for SARS-CoV-like viruses. It also outlines the challenges in developing effective treatments, including the need for human clinical trials for potential therapies like antiviral drugs, immunomodulators, and vaccines. The review underscores the importance of understanding viral replication and host immune responses to design better interventions. Despite progress in research, more studies are needed to develop effective countermeasures against these emerging coronaviruses.