Self-Efficacy for Reading and Writing: Influence of Modeling, Goal Setting, and Self-Evaluation

Self-Efficacy for Reading and Writing: Influence of Modeling, Goal Setting, and Self-Evaluation

2003 | Dale H. Schunk, Ph.D.
This article discusses the role of self-efficacy in student motivation and learning, emphasizing its importance in academic settings. Self-efficacy refers to students' beliefs about their ability to learn or perform tasks. It is a key concept in social cognitive theory, which suggests that achievement depends on interactions between behaviors, personal factors, and environmental conditions. Self-efficacy influences task choice, effort, persistence, and achievement. Sources of self-efficacy include personal accomplishments, vicarious experiences, social persuasion, and physiological indicators. The article explores how modeling, goal setting, and self-evaluation affect self-efficacy, motivation, and learning. Modeling involves learning from others, while goal setting provides a standard for progress. Self-evaluation involves assessing one's performance and reactions to it. Research shows that these factors significantly influence academic achievement. The article also discusses the importance of self-efficacy in reading and writing. Students with high self-efficacy are more likely to participate, work harder, and achieve at a higher level. However, low self-efficacy can hinder learning. Effective learning does not require extremely high self-efficacy, as overconfidence can lead to reduced effort. The article provides applications for teaching, such as using models, building self-efficacy through success experiences, and teaching goal-setting and self-evaluation skills. Teachers can also provide instruction on effective learning strategies, which can enhance self-efficacy and academic achievement. Overall, the article emphasizes the importance of developing and maintaining students' self-efficacy for learning to enhance academic achievement and motivation.This article discusses the role of self-efficacy in student motivation and learning, emphasizing its importance in academic settings. Self-efficacy refers to students' beliefs about their ability to learn or perform tasks. It is a key concept in social cognitive theory, which suggests that achievement depends on interactions between behaviors, personal factors, and environmental conditions. Self-efficacy influences task choice, effort, persistence, and achievement. Sources of self-efficacy include personal accomplishments, vicarious experiences, social persuasion, and physiological indicators. The article explores how modeling, goal setting, and self-evaluation affect self-efficacy, motivation, and learning. Modeling involves learning from others, while goal setting provides a standard for progress. Self-evaluation involves assessing one's performance and reactions to it. Research shows that these factors significantly influence academic achievement. The article also discusses the importance of self-efficacy in reading and writing. Students with high self-efficacy are more likely to participate, work harder, and achieve at a higher level. However, low self-efficacy can hinder learning. Effective learning does not require extremely high self-efficacy, as overconfidence can lead to reduced effort. The article provides applications for teaching, such as using models, building self-efficacy through success experiences, and teaching goal-setting and self-evaluation skills. Teachers can also provide instruction on effective learning strategies, which can enhance self-efficacy and academic achievement. Overall, the article emphasizes the importance of developing and maintaining students' self-efficacy for learning to enhance academic achievement and motivation.
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