The study by Miura et al. (2003) isolated and characterized stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED), which are found in the remnant pulp of these teeth. SHED were identified as a population of highly proliferative, clonogenic cells capable of differentiating into various cell types, including neural cells, adipocytes, and odontoblasts. In vivo transplantation experiments showed that SHED could induce bone formation, generate dentin, and survive in the mouse brain, expressing neural markers. The study highlights the potential of exfoliated teeth as a unique and accessible source of stem cells for clinical applications, including autologous stem-cell transplantation and tissue engineering. SHED demonstrated distinct characteristics compared to dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), such as higher proliferation rates and osteoinductive capacity, but failed to reconstitute a complete dentin-pulp-like complex. Additionally, SHED showed neural and adipogenic differentiation potential, suggesting their utility in treating neural tissue injuries and degenerative diseases.The study by Miura et al. (2003) isolated and characterized stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED), which are found in the remnant pulp of these teeth. SHED were identified as a population of highly proliferative, clonogenic cells capable of differentiating into various cell types, including neural cells, adipocytes, and odontoblasts. In vivo transplantation experiments showed that SHED could induce bone formation, generate dentin, and survive in the mouse brain, expressing neural markers. The study highlights the potential of exfoliated teeth as a unique and accessible source of stem cells for clinical applications, including autologous stem-cell transplantation and tissue engineering. SHED demonstrated distinct characteristics compared to dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), such as higher proliferation rates and osteoinductive capacity, but failed to reconstitute a complete dentin-pulp-like complex. Additionally, SHED showed neural and adipogenic differentiation potential, suggesting their utility in treating neural tissue injuries and degenerative diseases.