The article reviews the role of SIRT1, a member of the sirtuin family, in aging and its potential as a therapeutic target. SIRT1 is a histone deacetylase that plays a crucial role in metabolism, stress response, protein synthesis, genomic instability, neurodegeneration, DNA damage repair, and inflammation. Overexpression of SIRT1 homologs in various organisms has been shown to extend lifespan, and calorie restriction (CR) is associated with increased SIRT1 activity. Resveratrol, a polyphenolic compound, was identified as a potent SIRT1 activator and has been extensively studied for its ability to improve health and lifespan in various species, including humans. Clinical studies have shown that resveratrol can improve glucose metabolism, cardiovascular markers, and reduce oxidative stress and inflammation. However, its low bioavailability in humans limits its clinical potency. The article also discusses the potential of other SIRT1 activators and inhibitors, such as piceatannol and synthetic Sirtuin-activating compounds (STACs), which have shown promise in preclinical studies. Additionally, the article highlights the dual role of SIRT1 in both beneficial and detrimental physiological processes, emphasizing the need for careful regulation to prevent adverse effects. Overall, the review underscores the potential of SIRT1 as a therapeutic target for anti-aging and age-related diseases, but also highlights the challenges and ongoing research in this area.The article reviews the role of SIRT1, a member of the sirtuin family, in aging and its potential as a therapeutic target. SIRT1 is a histone deacetylase that plays a crucial role in metabolism, stress response, protein synthesis, genomic instability, neurodegeneration, DNA damage repair, and inflammation. Overexpression of SIRT1 homologs in various organisms has been shown to extend lifespan, and calorie restriction (CR) is associated with increased SIRT1 activity. Resveratrol, a polyphenolic compound, was identified as a potent SIRT1 activator and has been extensively studied for its ability to improve health and lifespan in various species, including humans. Clinical studies have shown that resveratrol can improve glucose metabolism, cardiovascular markers, and reduce oxidative stress and inflammation. However, its low bioavailability in humans limits its clinical potency. The article also discusses the potential of other SIRT1 activators and inhibitors, such as piceatannol and synthetic Sirtuin-activating compounds (STACs), which have shown promise in preclinical studies. Additionally, the article highlights the dual role of SIRT1 in both beneficial and detrimental physiological processes, emphasizing the need for careful regulation to prevent adverse effects. Overall, the review underscores the potential of SIRT1 as a therapeutic target for anti-aging and age-related diseases, but also highlights the challenges and ongoing research in this area.